Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a spectroscopic technique that allows for the non-invasive chemical characterization of diffusely scattering materials, ranging from opaque plastics to biological tissues. SORS has been explored for a range of applications, including disease diagnosis, the detection of explosives through unopened containers and the in-depth, non-destructive analysis of pharmaceutical products and objects of art. This Primer introduces the reader to the basic concepts underpinning SORS, details best practices for its implementation, highlights its use across multiple fields and provides insight into its limitations. The Primer concludes by discussing potential applications and envisaging future developments in the field.