Modelling the control of groundwater on the development of colliery spoil tip failures in Wales
dc.contributor.author | He, L | |
dc.contributor.author | Coggan, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Foster, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Phiri, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Eyre, M | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-08-21T12:12:56Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-08-19 | |
dc.date.updated | 2024-08-21T11:31:03Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Legacy colliery spoil tip failures pose a significant hazard that can result in harm to persons or damage to property and infrastructure. In this research, the 2020 Wattstown tip landslide caused by heavy rainfall was examined to investigate the likely mechanisms and developmental factors contributing to colliery spoil tip failures in Welsh coalfields. To achieve this, an integrated method was proposed through the combination of remote sensing mapping, stability chart analysis, 2D limit equilibrium (LE) modelling, and 3D finite difference method (FDM) analysis. Various water table geometries were incorporated into these models to ascertain the specific groundwater condition that triggered the occurrence of the 2020 landslide. In addition, sensitivity analyses were carried out to assess the influence of the colliery spoil properties (i.e., cohesion, friction angle, and porosity) on the slope stability analysis. The results indicate that the landslide was characterised by a shallow rotational failure mode and spatially constrained by the critical water table and an underlying geological interface. In addition, the results also imply that the landslide was triggered by the rise of water table associated with heavy rainfall. Through sensitivity analysis, it was found that the properties of the colliery spoil played an important role in confining the extent of the landslide and controlling the process of its development. The findings underscore the detrimental effects of increased pore pressures, induced by heavy rainfall, on the stability of colliery tips, highlighting the urgent needs for local government to enhance water management strategies for this region. | en_GB |
dc.format.extent | 1311-1311 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 13, No. 8, article 1311 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081311 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/137230 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0001-7234-3588 (Coggan, John) | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-4662-1078 (Foster, Patrick) | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-5506-674X (Eyre, Matthew) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). | en_GB |
dc.subject | colliery spoil | en_GB |
dc.subject | landslide | en_GB |
dc.subject | groundwater | en_GB |
dc.subject | 3D finite difference method | en_GB |
dc.subject | numerical modelling | en_GB |
dc.title | Modelling the control of groundwater on the development of colliery spoil tip failures in Wales | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-21T12:12:56Z | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available from MDPI via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.description | Data Availability Statement: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2073-445X | |
dc.identifier.journal | Land | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Land, 13(8) | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2024-08-15 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2024-08-19 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2024-08-21T12:11:12Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2024-08-21T12:13:43Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2024-08-19 | |
exeter.rights-retention-statement | No |
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