dc.contributor.author | Bauknecht, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Jékely, G | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-05-14T13:28:59Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017-01-30 | |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: Norepinephrine/noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter implicated in arousal and other aspects of vertebrate behavior and physiology. In invertebrates, adrenergic signaling is considered absent and analogous functions are performed by the biogenic amines octopamine and its precursor tyramine. These chemically similar transmitters signal by related families of G-protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that octopamine/tyramine are the invertebrate equivalents of vertebrate norepinephrine. However, the evolutionary relationships and origin of these transmitter systems remain unclear. RESULTS: Using phylogenetic analysis and receptor pharmacology, here we have established that norepinephrine, octopamine, and tyramine receptors coexist in some marine invertebrates. In the protostomes Platynereis dumerilii (an annelid) and Priapulus caudatus (a priapulid), we have identified and pharmacologically characterized adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors that coexist with octopamine α, octopamine β, tyramine type 1, and tyramine type 2 receptors. These receptors represent the first examples of adrenergic receptors in protostomes. In the deuterostome Saccoglossus kowalevskii (a hemichordate), we have identified and characterized octopamine α, octopamine β, tyramine type 1, and tyramine type 2 receptors, representing the first examples of these receptors in deuterostomes. S. kowalevskii also has adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors, indicating that all three signaling systems coexist in this animal. In phylogenetic analysis, we have also identified adrenergic and tyramine receptor orthologs in xenacoelomorphs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clarify the history of monoamine signaling in bilaterians. Given that all six receptor families (two each for octopamine, tyramine, and norepinephrine) can be found in representatives of the two major clades of Bilateria, the protostomes and the deuterostomes, all six receptors must have coexisted in the last common ancestor of the protostomes and deuterostomes. Adrenergic receptors were lost from most insects and nematodes, and tyramine and octopamine receptors were lost from most deuterostomes. This complex scenario of differential losses cautions that octopamine signaling in protostomes is not a good model for adrenergic signaling in deuterostomes, and that studies of marine animals where all three transmitter systems coexist will be needed for a better understanding of the origin and ancestral functions of these transmitters. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | The research leading to these results received funding from the European
Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ European Research Council Grant Agreement
260821. PB is supported by the International Max Planck Research School
(IMPRS) “From Molecules to Organisms.” | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 15: 6 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1186/s12915-016-0341-7 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32839 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | BioMed Central | en_GB |
dc.relation.source | GenBank accession numbers are listed in the Methods. All data generated or
analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its
supplementary information files. All da | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28137258 | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. | en_GB |
dc.subject | GPCR evolution | en_GB |
dc.subject | Neurotransmitter | en_GB |
dc.subject | Noradrenaline | en_GB |
dc.subject | Norepinephrine | en_GB |
dc.subject | Octopamine | en_GB |
dc.subject | Platynereis | en_GB |
dc.subject | Priapulus | en_GB |
dc.subject | Saccoglossus | en_GB |
dc.subject | Tyramine | en_GB |
dc.subject | Xenacoelomorpha | en_GB |
dc.subject | Animals | en_GB |
dc.subject | Biological Evolution | en_GB |
dc.subject | Biosynthetic Pathways | en_GB |
dc.subject | Inhibitory Concentration 50 | en_GB |
dc.subject | Invertebrates | en_GB |
dc.subject | Norepinephrine | en_GB |
dc.subject | Octopamine | en_GB |
dc.subject | Phylogeny | en_GB |
dc.subject | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled | en_GB |
dc.subject | Signal Transduction | en_GB |
dc.subject | Tyramine | en_GB |
dc.title | Ancient coexistence of norepinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine signaling in bilaterians | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2018-05-14T13:28:59Z | |
exeter.place-of-publication | England | en_GB |
dc.description | This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1741-7007 | |
dc.identifier.journal | BMC Biology | en_GB |