Imaging and opportunistic identification of fractures

Abstract

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mineral density and micro-architectural deterioration of bone leading to an increased risk of low trauma fractures, associated morbidity and mortality. This article describes the advances in imaging of osteoporosis including opportunistic identification of low bone density and vertebral fractures. A recap of the imaging required in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis is also covered since it is important to include imaging within the patient pathway, especially where vertebral fractures are suspected. Additional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are important to aid differential diagnosis where the cause of the fracture is unclear. Clinicians reviewing imaging examinations, radiographers and radiologists reporting these must be vigilant for the presence of osteoporosis and play a major role in ensuring these patients have their risks highlighted so that they are put onto the appropriate pathway for diagnosis and treatment. Fracture liaison services provide a robust system for ensuring appropriate capture and follow-up of patients at risk of osteoporosis.