dc.contributor.author | Lambert, F. Hugo | |
dc.contributor.author | Allen, Myles R. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-05-03T15:16:34Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2009-02-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | A tropospheric energy budget argument is used to analyze twentieth-century precipitation changes. It is found that global and ocean-mean general circulation model (GCM) precipitation changes can be understood as being due to the competing direct and surface-temperature-dependent effects of external climate forcings. In agreement with previous work, precipitation is found to respond more strongly to anthropogenic and volcanic sulfate aerosol and solar forcing than to greenhouse gas and black carbon aerosol forcing per unit temperature. This is due to the significant direct effects of greenhouse gas and black carbon forcing. Given that the relative importance of different forcings may change in the twenty-first century, the ratio of global precipitation change to global temperature change may be quite different. Differences in GCM twentieth- and twenty-first-century values are tractable via the energy budget framework in some, but not all, models. Changes in land-mean precipitation, on the other hand, cannot be understood at all with the method used here, even if land–ocean heat transfer is considered. In conclusion, the tropospheric energy budget is a useful concept for understanding the precipitation response to different forcings but it does not fully explain precipitation changes even in the global mean. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 22 (3), pp. 499 - 517 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1175/2008JCLI2135.1 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8961 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | American Meteorological Society | en_GB |
dc.subject | Energy budget | en_GB |
dc.subject | Precipitation | en_GB |
dc.subject | Temperature | en_GB |
dc.subject | Trends | en_GB |
dc.title | Are changes in global precipitation constrained by the tropospheric energy budget? | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2013-05-03T15:16:34Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0894-8755 | |
dc.description | Copyright © 2009 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyrights@ametsoc.org. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1520-0442 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Journal of Climate | en_GB |
refterms.dateFOA | 2023-01-10T19:00:53Z | |