Paradoxes of praise: Identity-inconsistent praise results in praise-inconsistent responses

Abstract

In four experimental studies we explored the effect of consistency between central group values and the content of group-directed praise on group-based esteem, group identification, and willingness to express attitudes and intentions (in)consistent with the content of praise. Study 1 used pre-existing groups with clearly defined central values, Study 2 relied on individual differences in perceptions of central group values within the same social group, and Studies 3 and 4 manipulated the centrality of group values experimentally. The results demonstrated that identity-inconsistent praise resulted in lower group-based esteem (Studies 1-4), and reduced group identification (Study 4), as compared to identity-consistent praise. In addition, in all studies identity-inconsistent praise led to stronger willingness to reaffirm (the ignored) central group characteristics than identity-consistent praise. The results are consistent with extensions of the self-verification approach to the collective self.