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dc.contributor.authorPsychogiou, L
dc.contributor.authorMoberly, NJ
dc.contributor.authorParry, E
dc.contributor.authorNath, S
dc.contributor.authorKallitsoglou, A
dc.contributor.authorRussell, G
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-23T07:26:16Z
dc.date.issued2017-10-18
dc.description.abstractThis longitudinal study examined whether mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms predict, independently and interactively, children’s emotional and behavioural problems. It also examined bi-directional associations between parents’ expressed emotion constituents (parents’ child-directed positive and critical comments) and children’s emotional and behavioural problems. At time 1, the sample consisted of 160 families in which 50 mothers and 40 fathers had depression according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Children’s mean age at Time 1 was 3.9 years (SD = 0.8). Families (n = 106) were followed up approximately 16 months later (Time 2). Expressed emotion constituents were assessed using the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample. In total, 144 mothers and 158 fathers at Time 1 and 93 mothers and 105 fathers at Time 2 provided speech samples. Fathers’ depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with more child emotional problems when mothers had higher levels of depressive symptoms. When controlling for important confounders (children’s gender, baseline problems, mothers’ depressive symptoms and parents’ education and age), fathers’ depressive symptoms independently predicted higher levels of emotional and behavioural problems in their children over time. There was limited evidence for a bi-directional relationship between fathers’ positive comments and change in children’s behavioural problems over time. Unexpectedly, there were no bi-directional associations between parents’ critical comments and children’s outcomes. We conclude that the study provides evidence to support a whole family approach to prevention and intervention strategies for children’s mental health and parental depression.en_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 12, Iss. 10, e0183546.en_GB
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183546
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/29955
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_GB
dc.rightsCopyright: © 2017 Psychogiou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_GB
dc.subjectParenting behavioren_GB
dc.subjectemotionsen_GB
dc.subjectBehavioren_GB
dc.subjectdepressionen_GB
dc.subjectchildrenen_GB
dc.subjectLongitudinal studiesen_GB
dc.subjectmothersen_GB
dc.subjectfathersen_GB
dc.titleParental depressive symptoms, children’s emotional and behavioural problems, and parents’ expressed emotion - critical and positive commentsen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2017-10-23T07:26:16Z
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.descriptionThis is the final version of the article. Available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalPLoS ONEen_GB


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