Between-group attack and defence in an ecological setting: insights from non-human animals

Abstract

Attempts to understand the fundamental forces shaping conflict between attacking and defending groups can be hampered by a narrow focus on humans and reductionist, oversimplified modelling. Further progress depends on recognising the striking parallels in between-group conflict across the animal kingdom, harnessing the power of experimental tests in non-human species and modelling the eco-evolutionary feedbacks that drive attack and defence.