When speaking English is not enough: The consequences of language-based stigma for non-native speakers

Abstract

We explored the effects of language-based stigma on the relationship between native and nonnative speakers. In two studies we found that stigmatized non-native speakers experienced more negative interpersonal interactions, higher levels of intergroup threat, and reduced performance on an English test compared to non-native speakers who did not experience stigma. These effects were mediated by anxiety and moderated by prevention-related goals. Furthermore, native speakers perceived stigmatized (vs. not-stigmatized) speakers’ accents as stronger and their commitment to living in the host country as weaker. Our findings suggest that experiencing language-based stigma can: a) incite a stereotype threat response from nonnative speakers, and b) damage their relationship with native speakers on an interpersonal and intergroup level.