GROUPS 4 HEALTH reduces loneliness and social anxiety in adults with psychological distress: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: Loneliness is a key public health issue for which various interventions have been trialled. However, few directly target the core feature of loneliness—lack of belonging. This is the focus of GROUPS 4 HEALTH (G4H), a recently developed intervention that targets the development and maintenance of social group memberships to support health. Method: To investigate the efficacy of this intervention, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants (N=120) assigned to G4H or treatment-as-usual (TAU) by computer software. Assessment of primary (loneliness) and secondary (depression, social anxiety, general practitioner visits, multiple group membership) outcomes was conducted at baseline and 2-month follow-up using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses. Results: G4H produced a greater reduction in loneliness (d = -1.16) and social anxiety (d = - 0.53) than TAU (ds =-0.36, 0.03, respectively). G4H was also associated with fewer general practitioner visits at follow-up (d = -0.21) and a stronger sense of belonging to multiple groups (d = 0.96) relative to TAU (d = 0.21, d = 0.42, respectively). Depression declined significantly in both G4H (d = -0.67) and TAU (d = -0.35), but follow-up analyses showed this was greater in G4H among those not receiving adjunct psychopharmacological treatment and whose symptoms were milder. Conclusions: Findings suggest that G4H can be a useful way to treat loneliness and highlight the importance of attending to group memberships when tackling this important social challenge.