Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which
itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil
characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the
groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries ...
Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which
itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil
characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the
groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) rely mostly
on desalination technologies for agriculture due to water scarcity. Therefore, greenhouse (GH)
agriculture can be developed to succeed in dealing with the water scarcity and provide sufficient
sources of agricultural products as a sustainable solution. These indoor agriculture facilities, which
are enclosed by transparent covers, can produce different sources of fruits and vegetables, using a
controlled amount of water. By reducing the exchange rate of air with the outside environment,
which is known as the confinement effects, greenhouses generate a suitable environment for the
plants to grow under transparent covers to trap the sunlight. This raises the inside temperature
above the maximum threshold levels, especially within the warm season due to the high solar
radiation intensity, having an adverse influence on the microclimate conditions and consequently
the crop growth. In order to sustain maximum agricultural yield, greenhouse ventilation is an
important parameter in which its trends and emerging practices were reviewed in this study