Sensing global tourism numbers with millions of publicly shared online photographs
dc.contributor.author | Preis, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Botta, F | |
dc.contributor.author | Moat, HS | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-07-23T09:54:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-09-11 | |
dc.description.abstract | In our increasingly connected world, individuals produce continuous streams of data through their constant interactions with the Internet. This data is opening up opportunities to measure human behaviour that was previously time consuming or expensive to capture. Here, we explore whether data from online photographs can be used to estimate travel statistics on a global scale. We draw on the locations attached to 69 million publicly shared photographs to infer the global travel patterns of almost half a million users of the photo-sharing platform Flickr. We find that our photo-based estimates of tourist arrival statistics for the G7 countries Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States correlate with the corresponding official statistics released by those countries. Our results highlight the potential for vast volumes of online data to inform the generation of timely, low-cost indicators of the state of society. We discuss practical considerations that remain before this methodology could be used in the production of official statistics. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Government Office for Science | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Alan Turing Institute | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | EPSRC | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Warwick | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | ESRC | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 52 (3), pp. 471-477 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1177/0308518X19872772 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | EP/N510129/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | TU/B/000008 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | TU/B/000006 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | ES/M500434/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/122101 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | SAGE Publications | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). | en_GB |
dc.subject | social media | en_GB |
dc.subject | official statistics | en_GB |
dc.subject | Nowcasting | en_GB |
dc.title | Sensing global tourism numbers with millions of publicly shared online photographs | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2020-07-23T09:54:14Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0308-518X | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.description | Official tourist arrival data for all G7 countries in 2014 was accessed on 20 November 2017. •For Canada, data on the number of non-resident travellers entering Canada by country of residence excluding the US was obtained from Statistics Canada (https://www.statcan.gc.ca/). •For France, data on tourist arrivals at borders (“Arrivées de touristes aux frontières”) was obtained from the Institut National de la Statistique et des études économiques (https://www.insee.fr/). •For Germany, data on arrivals at accommodation (“Ankünfte in Beherbergungsbetrieben”) was obtained from the Statistisches Bundesamt (https://www.destatis.de/). •For Italy, data on occupancy in collective accommodation establishments (“Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi”) was obtained from the Istituto nazionale di statistica (http://www.istat.it/). •For Japan, data on foreign visitors to Japan was obtained from the Japan National Tourism Organization (https://www.jnto.go.jp/). •For the UK, we use data on the total number of visits by country of residence, which forms part of the International Passenger Survey conducted by the UK Office for National Statistics (https://www.ons.gov.uk/). •For the US, data on non-resident arrivals to the US from the 20 countries with the highest tourist numbers was obtained from the National Travel & Tourism Office within the U.S. Department of Commerce (https://travel.trade.gov/). | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2019-08-06 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2019-08-06 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2020-07-23T08:37:59Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2020-07-23T09:54:17Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).