The origin and composition of carbonatite-derived carbonate-bearing fluorapatite deposits
dc.contributor.author | Broom-Fendley, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Siegfried, PR | |
dc.contributor.author | Wall, F | |
dc.contributor.author | O'Niell, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Brooker, RA | |
dc.contributor.author | Fallon, EK | |
dc.contributor.author | Pickles, JR | |
dc.contributor.author | Banks, DA | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-07-29T12:13:52Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-08-27 | |
dc.description.abstract | Carbonate-bearing fluorapatite rocks occur at over 30 globally distributed carbonatite complexes and represent a substantial potential supply of phosphorus for the fertiliser industry. However, the process(es) involved in forming carbonate-bearing fluorapatite at some carbonatites remain equivocal, with both hydrothermal and weathering mechanisms inferred. In this contribution, we compare the paragenesis and trace element contents of carbonate-bearing fluorapatite rocks from the Kovdor, Sokli, Bukusu, Catalão I and Glenover carbonatites in order to further understand their origin, as well as to comment upon the concentration of elements that may be deleterious to fertiliser production. The paragenesis of apatite from each deposit is broadly equivalent, comprising residual magmatic grains overgrown by several different stages of carbonate-bearing fluorapatite. The first forms epitactic overgrowths on residual magmatic grains, followed by the formation of massive apatite which, in turn, is cross-cut by late euhedral and colloform apatite generations. Compositionally, the paragenetic sequence corresponds to a substantial decrease in the concentration of rare earth elements (REE), Sr, Na and Th, with an increase in U and Cd. The carbonate-bearing fluorapatite exhibits a negative Ce anomaly, attributed to oxic conditions in a surficial environment and, in combination with the textural and compositional commonality, supports a weathering origin for these rocks. Carbonate-bearing fluorapatite has Th contents which are several orders of magnitude lower than magmatic apatite grains, potentially making such apatite a more environmentally attractive feedstock for the fertiliser industry. Uranium and cadmium contents are higher in carbonate-bearing fluorapatite than magmatic carbonatite apatite, but are much lower than most marine phosphorites. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Union Horizon 2020 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Published online 27 August 2020 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1007/s00126-020-01010-7 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/R013403/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/M011429/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/R011389/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | 689909 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/122212 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2020. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.subject | Carbonate-fluorapatite | en_GB |
dc.subject | staffelite | en_GB |
dc.subject | francolite | en_GB |
dc.subject | weathering | en_GB |
dc.subject | phosphate resources | en_GB |
dc.subject | uranium | en_GB |
dc.title | The origin and composition of carbonatite-derived carbonate-bearing fluorapatite deposits | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2020-07-29T12:13:52Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0026-4598 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Mineralium Deposita | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2020-07-29 | |
exeter.funder | ::Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | en_GB |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2020-07-29 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2020-07-28T17:28:31Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2020-08-27T14:03:01Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © The Author(s) 2020. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/