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dc.contributor.authorKirby, N
dc.contributor.authorBailey, I
dc.contributor.authorLang, DC
dc.contributor.authorBrombacher, A
dc.contributor.authorChalk, TB
dc.contributor.authorParker, RL
dc.contributor.authorCrocker, AJ
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, VE
dc.contributor.authorMilton, JA
dc.contributor.authorRaymo, ME
dc.contributor.authorKroon, D
dc.contributor.authorBell, DB
dc.contributor.authorWilson, PA
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-12T09:04:56Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-02
dc.description.abstractMarine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, 3.3 Ma, is an isolated cold stage punctuating the benthic oxygen isotope ( d 18 O) stratigraphy of the warm Piacenzian interval of the late Pliocene Epoch. The prominent ( ~0.65‰) d 18 O increase that defines MIS M2 has prompted debate over the extent to which it signals an early prelude to the rhythmic extensive glaciations of the northern hemisphere that characterise the Quaternary and raised questions about the forcing mechanisms responsible. Recent work suggests that CO 2 storage in the deep Atlantic Ocean played an important role in these events but detailed reconstructions of deep ocean chemical stratification are needed to test this idea and competing hypotheses. Here we present new records of the Nd isotope composition of fish debris and d 13 C and B/Ca ratios of benthic foraminifera from the northwest and southeast Atlantic Ocean. Our novel geochemical data show that, in contrast to major Quaternary glaciations such as MIS 2 (~21 kyr) and MIS 100 (~2.52 Ma), the deep North Atlantic Ocean was weakly chemically stratified during MIS M2. We show that Southern Component Water incursion into the Atlantic Ocean was limited to the deep South Atlantic basin during MIS M2 and peaked well before (~10-15-kyr) the atmospheric CO 2 minimum . Our findings imply that the deep Atlantic Ocean was not the principle sink of CO 2 sequestered from the atmosphere during MIS M2, implicating a different CO 2 storage deep-water reservoir mechanism, presumably Southern Component Water incursion into the Pacific Ocean . Weak chemical stratification in the deep Atlantic Ocean during MIS M2 relative to MIS 100 and 2 suggests comparatively active Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. That suggestion is consistent with the warmth of the high latitude North Atlantic during MIS M2 – surface water temperatures cooled during M2 but only to Holocene values. Our findings may help to explain the paucity of evidence for extensive early glaciation of the northern hemisphere during M2 but leave open the possibility of ice sheet advance on Antarctica.en_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 250, article 106644en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106644
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/123191
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.rights.embargoreasonUnder embargo until 2 November 2021 in compliance with publisher policyen_GB
dc.rights© 2020. This version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/  en_GB
dc.subjectAABWen_GB
dc.subjectNADWen_GB
dc.subjectAtlantic circulationen_GB
dc.subjectLast Glacialen_GB
dc.subjectMIS 100en_GB
dc.subjectMIS M2en_GB
dc.subjectAMOCen_GB
dc.subjectNd isotopesen_GB
dc.subjectB/Caen_GB
dc.titleOn climate and abyssal circulation in the Atlantic Ocean during late Pliocene marine isotope stage M2, ~3.3 million years agoen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2020-10-12T09:04:56Z
dc.identifier.issn0277-3791
dc.descriptionThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recorden_GB
dc.descriptionData availability: The data presented in this manuscript have been deposited in PANGAEA.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalQuaternary Science Reviewsen_GB
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/  en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-10-09
rioxxterms.versionAMen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2020-10-09
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2020-10-11T10:13:27Z
refterms.versionFCDAM
refterms.panelBen_GB


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© 2020. This version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/  
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2020. This version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/