Challenging the Need for Deep Seabed Mining From the Perspective of Metal Demand, Biodiversity, Ecosystems Services, and Benefit Sharing
dc.contributor.author | Miller, KA | |
dc.contributor.author | Brigden, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Santillo, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Currie, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Johnston, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Thompson, KF | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-08-10T13:51:03Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-07-29 | |
dc.description.abstract | The extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep oceans is of increasing interest to investors, mining companies and some coastal states. To date, no commercial-scale deep seabed mining has taken place but there is considerable pressure for minerals mining to become an economic reality, including to supply the projected demand for metals to support a global transition to renewable energy. At the same time, the full environmental impacts of deep seabed mining are difficult to predict but are expected to be highly damaging, both within, and perhaps well beyond, the areas mined. Here, we reflect on the considerable uncertainties that exist in relation to deep seabed mining. In particular, we provide a perspective on: (1) arguments that deep seabed mining is needed to supply minerals for the green energy revolution, using the electric vehicle battery industry as an illustration; (2) risks to biodiversity, ecosystem function and related ecosystem services; and (3) the lack of equitable benefit sharing to the global community now and for future generations. We explore the justification for a global moratorium on deep seabed mining to ensure protection of marine ecosystems, the need to focus on baseline research, and how improved governance of targeted marine regions could be key to the preservation and conservation of the ocean biome. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Umweltstiftung Greenpeace | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 8, article 706161 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3389/fmars.2021.706161 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/126732 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Frontiers Media | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2021 Miller, Brigden, Santillo, Currie, Johnston and Thompson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | en_GB |
dc.subject | marine minerals | en_GB |
dc.subject | deep sea | en_GB |
dc.subject | biodiversity | en_GB |
dc.subject | battery technology | en_GB |
dc.subject | ocean governance | en_GB |
dc.subject | critical metals | en_GB |
dc.title | Challenging the Need for Deep Seabed Mining From the Perspective of Metal Demand, Biodiversity, Ecosystems Services, and Benefit Sharing | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2021-08-10T13:51:03Z | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.description | Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2296-7745 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Frontiers in Marine Science | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-07-09 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-07-29 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2021-08-10T13:49:13Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2021-08-10T13:51:15Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2021 Miller, Brigden, Santillo, Currie, Johnston and Thompson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.