The Effect of Ceramic Membranes’ Structure on the Oil and Ions Removal in Pre-Treatment of the Desalter Unit Wastewater
dc.contributor.author | Rasouli, Y | |
dc.contributor.author | Parivazh, MM | |
dc.contributor.author | Abbasi, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Akrami, M | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-01-04T09:47:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-31 | |
dc.date.updated | 2021-12-31T17:39:00Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Salts, organic materials, and hazardous materials can be found regularly in the effluent from a desalter unit of crude oil. These materials should be separated from the wastewater. Four kinds of inexpensive and innovative ceramic microfiltration membranes (mullite, mullite-alumina (MA 50%), mullite-alumina-zeolite (MAZ 20%), and mullite-zeolite (MZ 40%)) were synthesized in this research using locally available inexpensive raw materials such as kaolin clay, natural zeolite, and alpha-alumina powders. Analyses carried out on the membranes include XRD, SEM, void fraction, the average diameter of the pores, and the ability to withstand mechanical stress. Effluent from the desalter unit was synthesized in the laboratory using the salts most present in the desalter wastewater (NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2) and crude oil. This synthesized wastewater was treated with prepared ceramic membranes. It was discovered that different salt concentrations (0, 5000, 25,000, 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000 mg L−1) affected the permeate flux (PF), oil rejection, and ion rejection by the membrane. Results showed that in a lower concentration of salts (5000 and 25,000 mg L−1), PF of all types of ceramic membranes was increased significantly, while in the higher concentration, PF declined due to polarization concentration and high fouling effects. Oil and ion rejection was increased slightly by increasing salt dosage in wastewater due to higher ionic strength. Monovalent (Na+) and multivalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) ion rejection was reported about 5 to 13%, and 23 to 40% respectively. Oil rejection varied from 96.2 to 99.2%. View Full-Text | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 12 (1), article 59 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010059 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/128257 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-2926-8022 (Akrami, Mohammad) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | en_GB |
dc.subject | ceramic membrane | en_GB |
dc.subject | oily wastewater | en_GB |
dc.subject | desalter unit | en_GB |
dc.subject | microfiltration | en_GB |
dc.subject | salt/oil rejection | en_GB |
dc.subject | permeation flux | en_GB |
dc.title | The Effect of Ceramic Membranes’ Structure on the Oil and Ions Removal in Pre-Treatment of the Desalter Unit Wastewater | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2022-01-04T09:47:33Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2077-0375 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Membranes | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Membranes | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-12-28 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-12-31 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2021-12-31T17:39:24Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2022-01-04T09:47:40Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2021-12-31 |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).