Portrayals of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Modern English Literature and The Cure for Autism: a novel

Abstract

This thesis consists of an essay addressing the treatment of autism spectrum conditions in modern English literature, and of a novel exploring autism.

Since its formal description in the middle part of the twentieth century, autism has begun to appear in creative writing. The critical part of this thesis charts the emergence of autistic characters, and examines a question: why are the most famous portrayals of autism in literature created by non-autistic authors?

Searches of library catalogues are detailed, demonstrating a paucity of fiction by autistic authors. Then, an argument is made for the power of fiction as a tool to influence perceptions of autism, and therefore of the moral duty imposed upon those authors, particularly if non-autistic, who choose to create autistic characters. The difficulties in diagnosing fictional characters are examined, and an argument for clearly disclosing the autistic status of a character is put forward.

The significance of an author’s identity is discussed, and the notion that non-autistic authors should be free to create autistic characters is scrutinised. Finally, this thesis engages with the writing of autistic people, the way autism interacts with creativity, and the arguments of those who call for “own voice” writing.

The novel demonstrates some of my conclusions in practice, and draws on my own experiences as an autistic person. It follows an autistic protagonist who sets out on a journey to find a cure for his condition, but has his assumptions about autism challenged, and finds himself re-examining his goals.