The Effects of Combined Ocean Acidification and Nanoplastic Exposures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Krill
dc.contributor.author | Rowlands, E | |
dc.contributor.author | Galloway, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Cole, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Lewis, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Peck, V | |
dc.contributor.author | Thorpe, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Manno, C | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-10T09:26:17Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-08-03 | |
dc.date.updated | 2022-03-09T16:59:28Z | |
dc.description.abstract | In aquatic environments, plastic pollution occurs concomitantly with anthropogenic climate stressors such as ocean acidification. Within the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) support many marine predators and play a key role in the biogeochemical cycle. Ocean acidification and plastic pollution have been acknowledged to hinder Antarctic krill development and physiology in singularity, however potential multi-stressor effects of plastic particulates coupled with ocean acidification are unexplored. Furthermore, Antarctic krill may be especially vulnerable to plastic pollution due to their close association with sea-ice, a known plastic sink. Here, we investigate the behaviour of nanoplastic [spherical, aminated (NH2), and yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles] in Antarctic seawater and explore the single and combined effects of nanoplastic (160 nm radius, at a concentration of 2.5 μg ml–1) and ocean acidification (pCO2 ∼900, pHT 7.7) on the embryonic development of Antarctic krill. Gravid female krill were collected in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (North Scotia Sea). Produced eggs were incubated at 0.5 °C in four treatments (control, nanoplastic, ocean acidification and the multi-stressor scenario of nanoplastic presence, and ocean acidification) and their embryonic development after 6 days, at the incubation endpoint, was determined. We observed that negatively charged nanoplastic particles suspended in seawater from the Scotia Sea aggregated to sizes exceeding the nanoscale after 24 h (1054.13 ± 53.49 nm). Further, we found that the proportion of embryos developing through the early stages to reach at least the limb bud stage was highest in the control treatment (21.84%) and lowest in the multi-stressor treatment (13.17%). Since the biological thresholds to any stressors can be altered by the presence of additional stressors, we propose that future nanoplastic ecotoxicology studies should consider the changing global ocean under future climate scenarios for assessments of their impact and highlight that determining the behaviour of nanoplastic particles used in incubation studies is critical to determining their toxicity. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | en_GB |
dc.format.extent | 709763- | |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 8, article 709763 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.709763 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/S003975/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/L002434/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/N006178 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/128988 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-7466-6775 (Galloway, Tamara) | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-3564-2906 (Lewis, Ceri) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Frontiers Media | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2021 Rowlands, Galloway, Cole, Lewis, Peck, Thorpe and Manno. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | en_GB |
dc.subject | nanoparticle | en_GB |
dc.subject | plastic pollution | en_GB |
dc.subject | multi-stressor | en_GB |
dc.subject | Antarctic krill | en_GB |
dc.subject | Scotia Sea | en_GB |
dc.subject | embryonic development | en_GB |
dc.subject | egg abnormality | en_GB |
dc.title | The Effects of Combined Ocean Acidification and Nanoplastic Exposures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Krill | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2022-03-10T09:26:17Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2296-7745 | |
exeter.article-number | ARTN 709763 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.description | Data Availability Statement; The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2296-7745 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Frontiers in Marine Science | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Frontiers in Marine Science, 8 | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-07-16 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-08-03 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2022-03-10T09:23:51Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2022-03-10T09:26:42Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2021-08-03 |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2021 Rowlands, Galloway, Cole, Lewis, Peck, Thorpe and Manno. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.