Ethnic inequalities in routes to diagnosis of cancer: a population-based UK cohort study
dc.contributor.author | Martins, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Abel, G | |
dc.contributor.author | Ukoumunne, OC | |
dc.contributor.author | Mounce, LTA | |
dc.contributor.author | Price, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Lyratzopoulos, G | |
dc.contributor.author | Chinegwundoh, F | |
dc.contributor.author | Hamilton, W | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-07-08T12:41:30Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-06-06 | |
dc.date.updated | 2022-07-08T12:11:51Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: UK Asian and Black ethnic groups have poorer outcomes for some cancers and are less likely to report a positive care experience than their White counterparts. This study investigated ethnic differences in the route to diagnosis (RTD) to identify areas in patients' cancer journeys where inequalities lie, and targeted intervention might have optimum impact. Methods: We analysed data of 243,825 patients with 10 cancers (2006-2016) from the RTD project linked to primary care data. Crude and adjusted proportions of patients diagnosed via six routes (emergency, elective GP referral, two-week wait (2WW), screen-detected, hospital, and Other routes) were calculated by ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (including two-way interactions between cancer and age, sex, IMD, and ethnicity) determined cancer-specific differences in RTD by ethnicity. Results: Across the 10 cancers studied, most patients were diagnosed via 2WW (36.4%), elective GP referral (23.2%), emergency (18.2%), hospital routes (10.3%), and screening (8.61%). Patients of Other ethnic group had the highest proportion of diagnosis via the emergency route, followed by White patients. Asian and Black group were more likely to be GP-referred, with the Black and Mixed groups also more likely to follow the 2WW route. However, there were notable cancer-specific differences in the RTD by ethnicity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, where inequalities exist, the adverse cancer outcomes among Asian and Black patients are unlikely to be arising solely from a poorer diagnostic process. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Cancer Research UK | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Cancer Research UK | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | National Institute for Health Research | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | National Institute for Health Research | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Published online 6 June 2022 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-022-01847-x | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | C56361/A26124 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | C18081/A18180 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | PRU-1217-21601 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/130195 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0001-5226-4073 (Martins, Tanimola) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer Nature / Cancer Research UK | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/. | en_GB |
dc.title | Ethnic inequalities in routes to diagnosis of cancer: a population-based UK cohort study | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2022-07-08T12:41:30Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0007-0920 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1532-1827 | |
dc.identifier.journal | British Journal of Cancer | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | British Journal of Cancer | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2022-05-06 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2022-05-06 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2022-07-08T12:11:53Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2022-07-08T12:41:44Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2022-06-06 |
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Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party
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article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory
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from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.0/.