The multifaceted consequences and economic costs of child anxiety problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis
dc.contributor.author | Pollard, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Reardon, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Williams, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Creswell, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Ford, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Gray, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Roberts, N | |
dc.contributor.author | Stallard, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Ukoumunne, OC | |
dc.contributor.author | Violato, M | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-02-06T08:32:40Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-04-21 | |
dc.date.updated | 2023-02-03T18:39:21Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: Over a quarter of people have an anxiety disorder at some point in their life, with many first experiencing difficulties during childhood or adolescence. Despite this, gaps still exist in the current evidence base of the multiple consequences of childhood anxiety problems and their costs. Methods: A systematic review of Medline, PsycINFO, EconLit and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database was conducted for longitudinal and economic studies reporting on the association between childhood anxiety problems and at least one individual-, family- or societal-level outcome or cost. All studies were synthesised narratively. For longitudinal studies, ‘effect direction’ was used as a common metric, with random effects meta-analysis undertaken where possible. Results: Eighty-three studies met inclusion criteria and were synthesised narratively. We identified 788 separate analyses from the longitudinal studies, which we grouped into 15 overarching outcome domains. Thirteen of the studies were incorporated into 13 meta-analyses, which indicated that childhood anxiety disorders were associated with future anxiety, mood, behaviour and substance disorders. Narrative synthesis also suggested associations between anxiety problems and worse physical health, behaviour, self-harm, eating, relationship, educational, health care, employment, and financial outcomes. ‘Effect direction’ was conflicting in some domains due to a sparse evidence base. Higher economic costs were identified for the child, their families, healthcare providers and wider society, although evidence was limited and only covered short follow-up periods, up to a maximum of two years. Total annual societal costs per anxious child were up to £4,040 (2021 GBP). Conclusions: Childhood anxiety problems are associated with impaired outcomes in numerous domains, and considerable economic costs, which highlight the need for cost-effective interventions and policies to tackle them. More economic evidence is needed to inform models of the long-term, economic-related, consequences of childhood anxiety problems. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Article e12149 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1002/jcv2.12149 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | RP-PG-0218-20010 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/132419 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0002-0551-9157 (Ukoumunne, Obi) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Wiley / Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2023 The Authors. JCPP Advances published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | |
dc.subject | anxiety | en_GB |
dc.subject | children | en_GB |
dc.subject | outcomes | en_GB |
dc.subject | economic cost | en_GB |
dc.subject | systematic review | en_GB |
dc.subject | meta-analysis | en_GB |
dc.title | The multifaceted consequences and economic costs of child anxiety problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2023-02-06T08:32:40Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2692-9384 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | JCPP Advances | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2023-01-26 | |
dcterms.dateSubmitted | 2022-12-20 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2023-01-31 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2023-02-03T18:39:24Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2023-05-04T13:21:25Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2023 The Authors. JCPP Advances published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.