Pooled analysis of the association between food insecurity and violence against women: Evidence from low- and middle-income settings
dc.contributor.author | Jewkes, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Chirwa, E | |
dc.contributor.author | Alangea, DO | |
dc.contributor.author | Addo-Lartey, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Christofides, N | |
dc.contributor.author | Dunkle, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Ramsoomar, L | |
dc.contributor.author | Gibbs, A | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-15T09:08:53Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-03-10 | |
dc.date.updated | 2023-03-13T09:15:16Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Background Intimate partner violence impacts relationships across the socioeconomic spectrum, nonetheless its prevalence is reported to be highest in areas that are most socio-economically deprived. Poverty has direct and indirect impacts on intimate partner violence (IPV) risk, however, one of the postulated pathways is through food insecurity. The aim of this paper is to describe the association between food insecurity (household hunger) and women’s experiences, and men’s perpetration, of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence in data from Africa and Asia. Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of data from baseline interviews with men and women participating in six Violence Against Women prevention intervention evaluations and present a meta-analysis using mixed-effects Poisson regression models. Data were from South Africa (two studies), Ghana, Rwanda (two data sets), and Afghanistan and comprised interviews with 6545 adult women and 8104 adult men. We assessed food insecurity with the Household Hunger Scale. Results Overall, 27.9% of women experienced moderate food insecurity (range from 11.1% to 44.4%), while 28.8% of women reported severe food insecurity (range from 7.1 to 54.7%). Overall food insecurity was associated with an increased likelihood of women experiencing physical intimate partner violence, adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.23 to 1.60) for moderate food insecurity and aIRR = 1.73 (95% CI = 1.41 to 2.12) for severe food insecurity. It was also associated with an increased likelihood of men reporting perpetration of physical IPV, with aIRR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.11 to 1.39) for moderate food insecurity and aIRR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.02 to 1.37) for severe food insecurity. Food insecurity was not significantly associated with women’s experience of non-partner sexual violence, aIRR = 1.27 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.74) for moderate or severe food insecurity vs none, nor men’s perpetration of non-partner sexual violence aIRR = 1.02 (95% CI = 0.90 to 1.15). Conclusions Food insecurity is associated with increased physical intimate partner violence perpetration and experience reported by men and women. It was not associated with non-partner sexual violence perpetration, although there was some evidence to suggest an elevated risk of non-partner sexual violence among food-insecure women. Prevention programming needs to embrace food insecurity as a driver of intimate partner violence perpetration, however, non-partner sexual violence prevention needs to be shaped around a separate understanding of its drivers. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Department for International Development | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | South African Medical Research Council | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 13, article 04021 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.13.04021 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | PO 6254 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/132689 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0003-2812-5377 (Gibbs, Andrew) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | International Society of Global Health | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://medat.samrc.ac.za/index.php/catalog/WW | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2023 The Author(s). Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. | en_GB |
dc.title | Pooled analysis of the association between food insecurity and violence against women: Evidence from low- and middle-income settings | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2023-03-15T09:08:53Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2047-2978 | |
exeter.article-number | 04021 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from the International Society of Global Health via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.description | Data availability: De-identified individual participant data for Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (South Africa), Sonke Change trial (South Africa), and Evaluation of the COMBAT intervention (Ghana) and Afghanistan intervention, are available to anyone who wishes to access the data for any purpose at https://medat.samrc.ac.za/index.php/catalog/WW. De-identified individual participant data from the Indashyikirwa couples surveys (Rwanda) are available from the Principal Investigator of the study, Dr Kristin Dunkle: kristin.dunkle@mrc.ac.za, but may require permission from the Rwandan Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF) before transfer. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2047-2986 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Journal of Global Health | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2023-03-10 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2023-03-15T09:03:22Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2023-03-15T09:08:58Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2023-03-10 |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2023 The Author(s). Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.