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dc.contributor.authorPasanen, TP
dc.contributor.authorWhite, MP
dc.contributor.authorElliott, LR
dc.contributor.authorvan den Bosch, M
dc.contributor.authorBratman, GN
dc.contributor.authorOjala, A
dc.contributor.authorKorpela, K
dc.contributor.authorFleming, LE
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-05T09:35:58Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-11
dc.date.updated2023-07-05T09:00:03Z
dc.description.abstractRates of living alone, especially in more urbanised areas, are increasing across many industrialised countries, with associated increases in feelings of loneliness and poorer mental health. Recent studies have suggested that access to nature (e.g. parks and green spaces) can reduce the stressors associated with loneliness, partly through providing opportunities to nurture personal relationships (relational restoration) and engage in normative community activities (collective restoration). Such associations might vary across different household compositions and socio-demographic or geographical characteristics, but these have not been thoroughly tested. Using data collected across 18 countries/territories in 2017-2018, we grouped urban respondents into those living alone (n = 2062) and those living with a partner (n = 6218). Using multigroup path modelling, we tested whether the associations between neighbourhood greenspace coverage (1-km-buffer from home) and mental health are sequentially mediated by: (a) visits to greenspace; and subsequently (b) relationship and/or community satisfaction, as operationalisations of relational and collective restoration, respectively. We also tested whether any indirect associations varied among subgroups of respondents living alone. Analyses showed that visiting green space was associated with greater mental well-being and marginally lower odds of using anxiety/depression medication use indirectly, mediated via both relationship and community satisfaction. These indirect associations were equally strong among respondents living alone and those living with a partner. Neighbourhood green space was, additionally, associated with more visits among respondents living with a partner, whereas among those living alone, this was sensitive to the green space metric. Within subgroups of people living alone, few overall differences were found. Some indirect pathways were, nevertheless, stronger in males, under 60-year-olds, those with no financial strain, and residents in warmer climates. In conclusion, supporting those living alone, as well as those living with a partner, to more frequently access their local greenspaces could help improve mental health via promoting relational and collective restoration.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipAcademy of Finlanden_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipTHL foundationen_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 232, article 116324en_GB
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116324
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/133547
dc.identifierORCID: 0000-0003-3864-9465 (Elliott, Lewis R)
dc.identifierORCID: 0000-0003-1076-9967 (Fleming, Lora E)
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.relation.sourceData availability: Data from 11 countries is available from the UK data service (DOI: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-8874-2), and the rest upon request from authors.en_GB
dc.relation.urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37311473en_GB
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8874-2en_GB
dc.rights© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)en_GB
dc.subjectMental wellbeingen_GB
dc.subjectNatural environmenten_GB
dc.subjectOne-person householden_GB
dc.subjectRestorative environmenten_GB
dc.subjectSocial relationshipsen_GB
dc.subjectUrban areaen_GB
dc.titleUrban green space and mental health among people living alone: The mediating roles of relational and collective restoration in an 18-country sampleen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2023-07-05T09:35:58Z
dc.identifier.issn0013-9351
exeter.article-number116324
exeter.place-of-publicationNetherlands
dc.descriptionThis is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. en_GB
dc.identifier.eissn1096-0953
dc.identifier.journalEnvironmental Researchen_GB
dc.relation.ispartofEnviron Res, 232
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2023-06-02
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2023-06-11
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2023-07-05T09:26:54Z
refterms.versionFCDVoR
refterms.dateFOA2023-07-05T09:36:00Z
refterms.panelAen_GB
refterms.dateFirstOnline2023-06-11


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© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)