Investigating a conceptual model of disordered eating based on self-determination theory.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between basic psychological need (BPN) satisfaction as defined by self-determination theory (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness) and disordered eating behaviours (DEBs), assessing the mediating roles of eating regulation motivation and eating disorder (ED)-specific rumination. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants included 323 women. All participants completed measures assessing BPN satisfaction/frustration, eating regulation motivation, ED-specific rumination, and DEBs. Associations between variables were explored using path analysis. Results: A partial mediation model was identified. Lower BPN satisfaction was associated with more controlled eating regulation, which linked to more rumination about eating which, in turn, related to more DEBs. Indirect pathways via ED-specific rumination and via both eating regulation motivation and ED-specific rumination were statistically significant. The indirect path via eating regulation motivation was not significant. Conclusions: This study contributes to the exploration of DEBs from the perspective of self-determination theory. Complex associations and multiple maintaining factors appear to be involved in DEBs. Findings suggest that rumination may act as a cognitive mediator between motivational and behavioural processes in disordered eating. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. Results are consistent with previous research suggesting that BPN satisfaction may be a key factor to address in disordered eating presentations.