Investigating how prior knowledge influences perception and action in developmental coordination disorder

Abstract

Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterised by a broad spectrum of difficulties in performing motor tasks. It has recently been proposed that a specific deficit in sensorimotor prediction and feed-forward planning might underpin these motoric impairments. The purpose of this study was to use a naturalistic object lifting paradigm to examine whether deficits in sensorimotor prediction might underpin the broad spectrum of difficulties individuals with DCD face when interacting with objects in their environment. Methods: We recruited 60 children with probable DCD and 61 children without DCD, and measured perceptions of heaviness and fingertip force rate application when interacting with objects which varied in their apparent weight. If deficits in sensorimotor prediction do underpin the broad-ranging motor difficulties seen in DCD, we would expect to see a reduced effect of visual size cues on fingertip force rates and illusory misperceptions of object heaviness. Results: We found no evidence of differences in any metrics of sensorimotor prediction between children with (n=46) and without DCD (n=61). Furthermore, there was no correlation between any metrics of sensorimotor prediction and motor performance (as assessed by the standard diagnostic movement assessment battery). Illusory misperceptions of object weight also did not appear to differ between groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that issues with sensorimotor prediction are unlikely to impact the performance of simple real-world movements in those with DCD.