Penetrance interactions of colour pattern loci in the African Monarch and their implications for the evolution of dominance
dc.contributor.author | ffrench-Constant, RH | |
dc.contributor.author | Bennie, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Gordon, IJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Depew, L | |
dc.contributor.author | Smith, DAS | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-19T13:29:46Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-02-27 | |
dc.date.updated | 2023-12-19T11:19:52Z | |
dc.description.abstract | Scoring the penetrance of heterozygotes in complex phenotypes, like colour pattern, is difficult and complicates the analysis of systems in which dominance is incomplete or evolving. The African Monarch (Danaus chrysippus) represents an example where colour pattern heterozygotes, formed in the contact zone between the different subspecies, show such intermediate dominance. Colour pattern in this aposematic butterfly is controlled by three loci A, B and C. The B and C loci are closely linked in a B/C supergene and significant interaction of B and C phenotypes is therefore expected via linkage alone. The A locus, however, is not linked to B/C and is found on a different chromosome. To study interactions between the loci we generated colour pattern heterozygotes by crossing males and females bearing different A and B/C genotypes, collected from different parts of Africa. We derived a novel scoring system for the expressivity of the heterozygotes and as predicted, we found significant interactions between the genotypes of the closely linked B and C loci. Surprisingly, however, we also found highly significant interactions between C and the unlinked A locus, modifications that generally increased the resemblance of heterozygotes to homozygous ancestors. In contrast, we found no difference in the penetrance of any of the corresponding heterozygotes from crosses conducted either in allopatry or sympatry, in reciprocal crosses of males and females, or in the presence or absence of endosymbiont mediated male-killing or its associated neoW mediated sex-linkage of colour pattern. Together, this data supports the idea that the different colour morphs of the African Monarch meet transiently in the East African contact zone and that genetic modifiers act to mask inappropriate expression of colour patterns in the incorrect environments. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | National Geographic Society | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Royal Society | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 14 (2), article e11024 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1002/ece3.11024 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | BB/H014268/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134828 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0001-5385-9888 | 0000-0002-8704-2574 (ffrench-Constant, Richard) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Wiley | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22664872 | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | |
dc.subject | Admixture polymorphism | en_GB |
dc.subject | African Monarch | en_GB |
dc.subject | Danaus chrysippus | en_GB |
dc.subject | expressivity | en_GB |
dc.subject | heterozygote | en_GB |
dc.subject | mimicry | en_GB |
dc.subject | penetrance | en_GB |
dc.title | Penetrance interactions of colour pattern loci in the African Monarch and their implications for the evolution of dominance | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2023-12-19T13:29:46Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2045-7758 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.description | Data availability statement: R code and raw data can be found at FigShare DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.22664872 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2045-7758 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Ecology and Evolution | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2023-12-11 | |
dcterms.dateSubmitted | 2023-04-24 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2023-12-11 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2023-12-19T11:20:09Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2024-03-27T13:26:54Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.