| dc.description.abstract | Diaspora research has focused primarily on collective expression, particularly engagement in transnational networks, identifications and practices oriented toward own community, dispersed kin, and homeland. Examinations of practices and identifications oriented toward host country are generally scant. This comparative cross-country study addresses this gap by highlighting the role of the individual in interaction(s) with host society and beyond through exploring, for the first time, the integration of Iraqi Sabian (Mandaean) diaspora in the UK, Netherlands and Sweden. Taken as a sample of (im)migrants in Europe, the study asks, ‘How have Sabians (Mandaeans) of Iraqi descent integrated in the UK/Netherlands/Sweden, and to what extent?’, ‘What does integration mean for this community?’, ‘What factors facilitate integration?’, ‘What are the challenges to integration?’. Mixed methods design combining interviews and a survey with 56 and 541 participants, respectively, mostly first-generation, studied integration across six domains: structural, cultural, social, spatial, political and civic, by using over 49 indicators. Results from qualitative and quantitative analyses showed participants have integrated in varying ways and to varying degrees by adopting integrationist strategy to orient to, fit in and feel part of the host society. In this drive, age and individual socioeconomic status emerged as key determinants of integration trajectory in the host. Specifically, educational, linguistic, and occupational assets were pursued and mobilised as vehicle(s) for advancing integration and social mobility. This is evidenced by data showing no within-country statistical difference in male and female attainment of education, labour market participation and economic independence. Further data showed a majority of the sample, albeit with cross-country differences, in higher positions in host society despite a range of challenges. Among many other results, the study sample found to be spread thinly across nine geographical locations in each of the three countries. | en_GB |
