Direct Action Against P&I Clubs

Abstract

The thesis will argue that a country should opt for a protective legal approach towards P&I Clubs to develop the club insurance industry, particularly restricting third parties' direct action rights against Clubs. In this context, the legal provisions applicable to other liability insurance types should not be applied to club insurance. This insurance type has unique rules, and that country's law should prioritise applying these rules. The legal system should be reformed accordingly to ensure this.