dc.contributor.author | Grayman, WM | |
dc.contributor.author | Murray, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Savic, DA | |
dc.contributor.author | Farmani, R | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-05-17T14:31:04Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-07-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | Most water distribution systems in the United States are designed as looped systems in order to allow multiple pathways for delivery of water to customers. However, these designs also have the negative consequence that, if the system is contaminated, then the contamination may travel widely through the system and cause widespread impacts. In this paper, an alternative design concept is suggested based on the creation of distribution blocks that subdivide and isolate the system so as to limit contaminant movement. A model-based case study involving a large distribution system was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the distribution block concept. A comparison of the original looped system and the redesigned system also included the following other performance indicators: water age, reliability, and fire flow performance. The analysis showed that for this system, there was a very significant decrease in the water security vulnerability impacts with minimal effects on the other performance indicators. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. The research has been subjected to the Agency’s review and has been approved for publication. Note that approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Journal - American Water Works Association, 2016, Vol. 108, Number 7 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0105 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21576 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | AWWA American Water Works Association | en_GB |
dc.rights.embargoreason | Under indefinite embargo – no publisher permission. | en_GB |
dc.rights | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Water Works Association via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.title | Redesign of Water Distribution Systems for Passive Containment of Contamination | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.identifier.issn | 0003-150X | |
dc.identifier.journal | Journal - American Water Works Association | en_GB |