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dc.contributor.authorWei, Z
dc.contributor.authorBobbili, PR
dc.contributor.authorSenthilarasu, S
dc.contributor.authorShimell, T
dc.contributor.authorUpadhyaya, HM
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-03T12:34:19Z
dc.date.issued2014-02-25
dc.description.abstractSubstantial efforts have been made globally towards improving Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cell efficiencies with several organisations successfully exceeding the 20% barrier on a research level using the three-stage CIGS process, but commercial mass production of the three-stage process has been limited due to the technological difficulties of scaling-up. An attempt has been made to identify these issues by designing and manufacturing an in-line pilot production deposition system for the three-stage CIGS process which is capable of processing 30 cm × 30 cm modules. The optimisation of the process parameters such as source and substrate temperature, deposition uniformity, flux of copper, indium, gallium and selenium and thickness control has been presented in this investigation. A simplistic thickness distribution model of the evaporated films was developed to predict and validate the designed deposition process, which delivers a comparable simulation compared with the experimental data. These experiments also focused on the optimisation of the temperature uniformity across 30 cm × 30 cm area using a specially designed graphite heating system, which is crucial to form the correct α-phase CIGS in the desired time period. A three-dimensional heat transfer model using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a software has been developed and validated with the help of experimental data.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research work was supported partially through the funding support received from EPSRC UK–India programme APEX (EP/H040218/1) and partially supported by Excitonic Supergen (EPSRC (EP(G03101088/1)) programme.en_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 241, pp. 159–167en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.033
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/21823
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.rightsOpen Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Under a Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/en_GB
dc.subjectCIGS solar cellsen_GB
dc.subjectUp-scalingen_GB
dc.subjectUniformityen_GB
dc.subjectEvaporationen_GB
dc.subjectThicknessen_GB
dc.subjectHeat transferen_GB
dc.titleDesign and optimisation of process parameters in an in-line CIGS evaporation pilot systemen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2016-06-03T12:34:19Z
dc.identifier.issn0257-8972
pubs.declined2016-06-03T14:01:37.179+0100
pubs.deleted2016-06-03T14:01:37.474+0100
dc.descriptionThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalSurface and Coatings Technologyen_GB


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