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dc.contributor.authorGhezelbash, F
dc.contributor.authorShirazi-Adl, A
dc.contributor.authorArjmand, N
dc.contributor.authorEl-Ouaaid, Z
dc.contributor.authorPlamondon, A
dc.contributor.authorMeakin, JR
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-28T10:10:45Z
dc.date.issued2016-09-21
dc.description.abstractSubject-specific parameters influence spinal loads and the risk of back disorders but their relative effects are not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of changes in age (35-60 years), sex (male, female), body height (BH: 150-190 cm) and body weight (BW: 50-120 kg) on spinal loads in a full factorial simulation using a personalized (spine kinematics, geometry, musculature and passive properties) kinematics driven musculoskeletal trunk finite element model. Segmental weight distribution (magnitude and location along the trunk) was estimated by a novel technique to accurately represent obesity. Five symmetric sagittal loading conditions were considered, and main effect plots and analyses of variance were employed to identify influential parameters. In all 5 tasks simulated, BW (98.9% in compression and 96.1% in shear) had the greatest effect on spinal loads at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels followed by sex (0.7% in compression and 2.1% in shear), BH (0.4% in compression and 1.5% in shear) and finally age (<5.4%). At identical BH and BW, spinal loads in females were slightly greater than those in males by ~4.7% in compression and ~8.7% in shear. In tasks with no loads in hands, BW-normalized spinal loads further increased with BW highlighting the exponential increase in spinal loads with BW that indicates the greater risk of back disorders especially in obese individuals. Uneven distribution of weight in obese subjects, with more BW placed at the lower trunk, further (though slightly <7.5%) increased spinal loads.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail 294 (IRSST-2014-0009) and the fonds de recherche du Québec en nature et technologies (FRQNT).en_GB
dc.identifier.citationAvailable online 21 September 2016en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.026
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/23669
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.relation.urlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929016310119en_GB
dc.rights.embargoreasonPublisher policyen_GB
dc.rightsThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.subjectObesityen_GB
dc.subjectAgeen_GB
dc.subjectSexen_GB
dc.subjectBody Heighten_GB
dc.subjectTrunk Biomechanical Modelingen_GB
dc.subjectFinite Elementen_GB
dc.titleEffects of sex, age, body height and body weight on spinal loads: sensitivity analyses in a subject-specific trunk musculoskeletal model.en_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.identifier.issn1873-2380
dc.identifier.eissn1873-2380
dc.identifier.journalJournal of Biomechanicsen_GB


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