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dc.contributor.authorRichardson, TG
dc.contributor.authorShihab, HA
dc.contributor.authorHemani, G
dc.contributor.authorZheng, J
dc.contributor.authorHannon, E
dc.contributor.authorMill, J
dc.contributor.authorCarnero-Montoro, E
dc.contributor.authorBell, JT
dc.contributor.authorLyttleton, O
dc.contributor.authorMcArdle, WL
dc.contributor.authorRing, SM
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, S
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, C
dc.contributor.authorSmith, GD
dc.contributor.authorRelton, CL
dc.contributor.authorTimpson, NJ
dc.contributor.authorGaunt, TR
dc.date.accessioned2016-11-23T12:16:08Z
dc.date.issued2016-08-24
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Single variant approaches have been successful in identifying DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), although as with complex traits they lack the statistical power to identify the effects from rare genetic variants. We have undertaken extensive analyses to identify regions of low frequency and rare variants that are associated with DNA methylation levels. METHODS: We used repeated measurements of DNA methylation from five different life stages in human blood, taken from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Variants were collapsed across CpG islands and their flanking regions to identify variants collectively associated with methylation, where no single variant was individually responsible for the observed signal. All analyses were undertaken using the sequence kernel association test. RESULTS: For loci where no individual variant mQTL was observed based on a single variant analysis, we identified 95 unique regions where the combined effect of low frequency variants (MAF ≤ 5%) provided strong evidence of association with methylation. For loci where there was previous evidence of an individual variant mQTL, a further 3 regions provided evidence of association between multiple low frequency variants and methylation levels. Effects were observed consistently across 5 different time points in the lifecourse and evidence of replication in the TwinsUK and Exeter cohorts was also identified. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated the potential of this novel approach to mQTL analysis by analysing the combined effect of multiple low frequency or rare variants. Future studies should benefit from applying this approach as a complementary follow up to single variant analyses.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipThe UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. GWAS data was generated by Sample Logistics and Genotyping Facilities at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and LabCorp (Laboratory Corporation of America) using support from 23andMe.Methylation data in the ALSPAC cohort was generated as part of the UK BBSRC funded (BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1) Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES, http://www.ariesepigenomics.org.uk). This study makes use of data generated by the UK10K Consortium, derived from samples from the ALSPAC and TwinsUK data sets. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.UK10K.org. Funding for UK10K was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award WT091310. This publication is the work of the authors and Tom R. Gaunt will serve as guarantor for the contents of this paper. This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, MC UU 12013/8). Replication data was funded by an MRC grant to JM (MR/K013807/1). TGR is a UK MRC PhD student.en_GB
dc.identifier.citationHum Mol Genet (2016) ddw283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddw283en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/hmg/ddw283
dc.identifier.otherddw283
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/24561
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherOxford University Press (OUP)en_GB
dc.relation.urlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559110en_GB
dc.rights© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_GB
dc.subjectchilden_GB
dc.subjectcpg islandsen_GB
dc.subjectdna methylationen_GB
dc.subjectfollow-upen_GB
dc.subjectmethylationen_GB
dc.subjectparenten_GB
dc.subjectgeneticsen_GB
dc.subjectquantitative trait locien_GB
dc.subjectalspac studyen_GB
dc.subjectcollapseen_GB
dc.titleCollapsed methylation quantitative trait loci analysis for low frequency and rare variants.en_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2016-11-23T12:16:08Z
dc.identifier.issn0964-6906
exeter.place-of-publicationEnglanden_GB
dc.descriptionThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalHuman Molecular Geneticsen_GB
dc.identifier.pmid27559110


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