dc.contributor.author | Bickley, LK | |
dc.contributor.author | van Aerle, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Brown, AR | |
dc.contributor.author | Hargreaves, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Huby, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Cammack, V | |
dc.contributor.author | Jackson, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Santos, EM | |
dc.contributor.author | Tyler, CR | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-02-28T10:33:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017-02-07 | |
dc.description.abstract | Diclofenac is one of the most widely prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. It is frequently detected in surface waters; however, whether this pharmaceutical poses a risk to aquatic organisms is debated. Here we quantified the uptake of diclofenac by the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following aqueous exposure (0.2-25.0 μg L(-1)) for 21 days, and evaluated the tissue and biomolecular responses in the kidney. Diclofenac accumulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the plasma of exposed fish. The highest plasma concentration observed (for fish exposed to 25 μg L(-1) diclofenac) was within the therapeutic range for humans. There was a strong positive correlation between exposure concentration and the number of developing nephrons observed in the posterior kidney. Diclofenac was not found to modulate the expression of genes in the kidney associated with its primary mode of action in mammals (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases) but modulated genes associated with kidney repair and regeneration. There were no significant adverse effects following 21 days exposure to concentrations typical of surface waters. The combination of diclofenac's uptake potential, effects on kidney nephrons and relatively small safety margin for some surface waters may warrant a longer term chronic health effects analysis for diclofenac in fish. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work was funded by Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP): Use of ‘omic’ technologies in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals (KTP007650) and AstraZeneca’s Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) Research Programme. We thank Lina Gunnarsson, Matt Winter and James Cresswell (Exeter University), and former members of the Brixham Environmental Laboratory for their advice and assistance. Authors declare no competing financial interest. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 51, pp. 1764 - 1774 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1021/acs.est.6b05079 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26101 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | American Chemical Society | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28068076 | en_GB |
dc.rights | This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited: | |
dc.title | Bioavailability and kidney responses to Diclofenac in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.identifier.issn | 1520-5851 | |
exeter.place-of-publication | United States | en_GB |
dc.description | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Environmental Science and Technology | en_GB |
dc.identifier.pmid | 28068076 | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2018-12-17T12:42:36Z | |