Energy-aware Dual-path Geographic Routing to Bypass Routing Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks
Huang, H; Yin, H; Min, G; et al.Zhang, J; Wu, Y; Zhang, X
Date: 9 November 2017
Journal
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher DOI
Abstract
Geographic routing has been considered as an attractive approach for resource-constrained wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) since it exploits local location information instead of global topology information to route data. However, this routing approach
often suffers from the routing hole (i.e., an area free of nodes in the direction ...
Geographic routing has been considered as an attractive approach for resource-constrained wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) since it exploits local location information instead of global topology information to route data. However, this routing approach
often suffers from the routing hole (i.e., an area free of nodes in the direction closer to destination) in various environments such as
buildings and obstacles during data delivery, resulting in route failure. Currently, existing geographic routing protocols tend to walk
along only one side of the routing holes to recover the route, thus achieving suboptimal network performance such as longer delivery
delay and lower delivery ratio. Furthermore, these protocols cannot guarantee that all packets are delivered in an energy-efficient
manner once encountering routing holes. In this paper, we focus on addressing these issues and propose an energy-aware dual-path
geographic routing (EDGR) protocol for better route recovery from routing holes. EDGR adaptively utilizes the location information,
residual energy, and the characteristics of energy consumption to make routing decisions, and dynamically exploits two node-disjoint
anchor lists, passing through two sides of the routing holes, to shift routing path for load balance. Moreover, we extend EDGR into
three-dimensional (3D) sensor networks to provide energy-aware routing for routing hole detour. Simulation results demonstrate that
EDGR exhibits higher energy efficiency, and has moderate performance improvements on network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and
delivery delay, compared to other geographic routing protocols in WSNs over a variety of communication scenarios passing through
routing holes. The proposed EDGR is much applicable to resource-constrained WSNs with routing holes.
Computer Science
Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy
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