dc.contributor.author | Nedelec, SL | |
dc.contributor.author | Campbell, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Radford, AN | |
dc.contributor.author | Simpson, SD | |
dc.contributor.author | Merchant, ND | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-11-24T10:25:06Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-02-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | Sound waves in water have both a pressure and a particle-motion component, yet few studies of underwater acoustic ecology have measured the particle-motion component of sound. While mammal hearing is based on detection of sound pressure, fish and invertebrates (i.e. most aquatic animals) primarily sense sound using particle motion. Particle motion can be calculated indirectly from sound pressure measurements under certain conditions, but these conditions are rarely met in the shelf-sea and shallow-water habitats that most aquatic organisms inhabit. Direct measurements of particle motion have been hampered by the availability of instrumentation and a lack of guidance on data analysis methods. Here, we provide an introduction to the topic of underwater particle motion, including the physics and physiology of particle-motion reception. We include a simple computer program for users to determine whether they are working in conditions where measurement of particle motion may be relevant. We discuss instruments that can be used to measure particle motion and the types of analysis appropriate for data collected. A supplemental tutorial and template computer code in matlab will allow users to analyse impulsive, continuous and fluctuating sounds from both pressure and particle-motion recordings. A growing body of research is investigating the role of sound in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and the ways in which sound influences animal behaviour, physiology and development. This work has particular urgency for policymakers and environmental managers, who have a responsibility to assess and mitigate the risks posed by rising levels of anthropogenic noise in aquatic ecosystems. As this paper makes clear, because many aquatic animals senses sound using particle motion, this component of the sound field must be addressed if acoustic habitats are to be managed effectively. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 7 (7), pp. 836 - 842 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/2041-210X.12544 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30438 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Wiley for British Ecological Society | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2016 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | en_GB |
dc.subject | accelerometer | en_GB |
dc.subject | aquatic invertebrates | en_GB |
dc.subject | bioacoustics | en_GB |
dc.subject | fish | en_GB |
dc.subject | paPAM | en_GB |
dc.subject | Particle motion | en_GB |
dc.subject | sound analysis programme | en_GB |
dc.subject | underwater acoustics | en_GB |
dc.title | Particle motion: the missing link in underwater acoustic ecology | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2017-11-24T10:25:06Z | |
dc.description | This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Methods in Ecology and Evolution | en_GB |