dc.contributor.author | Eibich, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Green, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Hattersley, AT | |
dc.contributor.author | Jennison, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Lonergan, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Pearson, ER | |
dc.contributor.author | Gray, AM | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-12-13T13:51:59Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017-09-06 | |
dc.description.abstract | INTRODUCTION: Medication therapy for type 2 diabetes has become increasingly complex, and there are few reliable data on the current state of clinical practice. We report treatment pathways and associated costs of medication therapy for people with type 2 diabetes in the UK, their variability and changes over time. METHODS: Prescription and biomarker data for 7159 people with type 2 diabetes were extracted from the GoDARTS cohort study, covering the period 1989-2013. Average follow-up was 10 years. Individuals were prescribed on average 2.4 (SD: 1.2) drugs with average annual costs of £241. We calculated summary statistics for first- and second-line therapies. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between therapy characteristics and baseline patient characteristics. RESULTS: Average time from diagnosis to first prescription was 3 years (SD: 4.0 years). Almost all first-line therapy (98%) was monotherapy, with average annual cost of £83 (SD: £204) for 3.8 (SD: 3.5) years. Second-line therapy was initiated in 73% of all individuals, at an average annual cost of £219 (SD: £305). Therapies involving insulin were markedly more expensive than other common therapies. Baseline HbA1c was unrelated to future therapy costs, but higher average HbA1c levels over time were associated with higher costs. CONCLUSIONS: Medication therapy has undergone substantial changes during the period covered in this study. For example, therapy is initiated earlier and is less expensive than in the past. The data provided in this study will prove useful for future modelling studies, e.g. of stratified treatment approaches. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | The authors gratefully acknowledge funding by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Association of the British Pharma Industry (ABPI) for “Mastermind” (MRC APBI STratification and Extreme Response Mechanism IN Diabetes–MASTERMIND. Grant Ref.: MRIK005707/1). ERP holds Wellcome Trust New Investigator award 102820/Z/13/Z. GoDARTS was funded by the Wellcome Trust as the Wellcome Trust Type 2 diabetes case control study. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 8 (5), pp. 1031 - 1045 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1007/s13300-017-0296-x | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30658 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer Verlag | en_GB |
dc.relation.source | The data sets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available because of data protection regulations but are available from the GoDARTS Scientific Committee (for the raw data) and the corresponding author (for statistical code) on reasonable request. | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28879529 | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2017. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. | en_GB |
dc.subject | Costs | en_GB |
dc.subject | First-line therapy | en_GB |
dc.subject | Medication therapy | en_GB |
dc.subject | Second-line therapy | en_GB |
dc.subject | Therapy initiation | en_GB |
dc.subject | Type 2 diabetes | en_GB |
dc.subject | UK | en_GB |
dc.title | Costs and Treatment Pathways for Type 2 Diabetes in the UK: A Mastermind Cohort Study | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2017-12-13T13:51:59Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1869-6953 | |
exeter.place-of-publication | United States | en_GB |
dc.description | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Diabetes Therapy | en_GB |