dc.contributor.author | Natali, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Nesti, L | |
dc.contributor.author | Venturi, E | |
dc.contributor.author | Shore, AC | |
dc.contributor.author | Khan, F | |
dc.contributor.author | Gooding, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Gates, PE | |
dc.contributor.author | Looker, HC | |
dc.contributor.author | Dove, F | |
dc.contributor.author | Goncalves, I | |
dc.contributor.author | Persson, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Nilsson, J | |
dc.contributor.author | SUMMIT consortium | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-10-18T13:44:24Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018-09-03 | |
dc.description.abstract | Produced as a tissue defence response to hypoxia and inflammation, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is elevated in people receiving metformin treatment. To gain insight into the relationship of GDF-15 with metformin and major cardiovascular risk factors, we analysed the data from the SUMMIT cohort (n = 1438), a four-centre, nested, case-control study aimed at verifying whether biomarkers of atherosclerosis differ according to the presence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While in univariate analysis, major cardiovascular risk factors, with the exception of gender and cholesterol, increased similarly and linearly across GDF-15 quartiles, the independent variables associated with GDF-15, both in participants with and without diabetes, were age, plasma creatinine, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, diuretic use, smoking exposure and glycated haemoglobin. In participants with diabetes, metformin treatment was associated with a 40% rise in GDF-15 level, which was independent of the other major factors, and largely explained their elevated GDF-15 levels. The relatively high GDF-15 bioavailability might partly explain the protective cardiovascular effects of metformin. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | In Exeter, this study was supported by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). The study was funded by Innovative Medicines Initiative (SUMMIT consortium, IMI‐2008/115006). | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Published online 3 September 2018 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/dom.13519 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34347 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Wiley | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30178545 | en_GB |
dc.rights.embargoreason | Under embargo until 3 September 2019 in compliance with publisher policy | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd | en_GB |
dc.subject | GDF-15 | en_GB |
dc.subject | cardiovascular disease | en_GB |
dc.subject | growth differentiation factor-15 | en_GB |
dc.subject | metformin | en_GB |
dc.subject | type 2 diabetes | en_GB |
dc.title | Metformin is the key factor in elevated plasma growth differentiation factor-15 levels in type 2 diabetes: A nested, case-control study | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
exeter.place-of-publication | England | en_GB |
dc.description | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism | en_GB |