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dc.contributor.authorMohamed Said, ASM
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-23T08:30:30Z
dc.date.issued2019-04-01
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and impacts of the war on terror on Islamic charities, in the context of evolution of securitization in policy and practice following the events of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States. In the aftermath of 911, a new international regime was instituted which led to increased securitization and risk management at the global, regional, and national levels. The thesis presents evidence that the effects of the new regulations on Islamic charities can be explained and analyzed using securitization frameworks. The study was conducted using qualitative research methodology involving systematic review of the literature. Utilizing this method allowed collection and analysis of a very broad array of both formal academic works and of media reports and grey literature which reflected the pulse of the international community on issues of terrorism and risk. Theoretical frameworks of societal security theory, Copenhagen school of securitization and the risk management theory were used to analyse and organize the research. Findings from the systematic literature review and case studies demonstrated that Islamic charities were negatively affected by the efforts of the United States, and global multilateral financial regulatory enforcement mechanisms such as Financial Action Task Force (FATF), banks, and national regulatory agencies of charitable works. The international community believed that through the process of heavy regulation, charities could be made less vulnerable to penetration by terror groups. In turn, they would be less like to fall prey to being a mechanism by which charitable funds could be transferred to terror groups. Even though the charities are not as vulnerable as the West believes, the US Treasury has continued to freeze and block assets of charitable foundations in an effort to counter terror. A number of initiatives by governments and civil societies to remove obstacles to humanitarian aid and reduce the negative impacts of laws developed as a result of the war on terror are presented in the study.en_GB
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/36880
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherUniversity of Exeteren_GB
dc.subjectWar on Terroren_GB
dc.subjectIslamic Charitiesen_GB
dc.subjectSecuritisationen_GB
dc.subjectRisk Managementen_GB
dc.subjectRiskificationen_GB
dc.subjectCivil Society Organisations and Global Developmenten_GB
dc.subjectConflicten_GB
dc.subjectFraming and The Otheren_GB
dc.subjectCounter Terrorismen_GB
dc.subjectAnti-Terrorist Financingen_GB
dc.subjectZakaten_GB
dc.subjectMuslim NGOs and Humanitarian Actionen_GB
dc.titleThe War on Terror and Islamic Charities: Securitisation and the Evolution of Policy and Practiceen_GB
dc.typeThesis or dissertationen_GB
dc.date.available2019-04-23T08:30:30Z
dc.contributor.advisorGithens-Mazer, Jen_GB
dc.contributor.advisorAshour, Oen_GB
dc.publisher.departmentThe College of Social Sciences and Interantional Studies, Arab and Islamic Studies Instituteen_GB
dc.rights.urihttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserveden_GB
dc.type.degreetitlePhd in Middle East Politicsen_GB
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoralen_GB
dc.type.qualificationnameDoctoral Thesisen_GB
rioxxterms.versionNAen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-04-01
rioxxterms.typeThesisen_GB
refterms.dateFOA2019-04-23T08:30:34Z


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