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dc.contributor.authorPan, YR
dc.contributor.authorWang, X
dc.contributor.authorRen, ZJ
dc.contributor.authorHu, C
dc.contributor.authorLiu, J
dc.contributor.authorButler, D
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-31T14:51:37Z
dc.date.issued2019-10-23
dc.description.abstractHow we manage alternative freshwater resources to close the gap between water supply and demand is pivotal to the future of the environment and human well-being. Increased scarcity of water for agricultural irrigation in semi-arid and arid regions has resulted in a growing interest in water reuse practices. However, insight into the life cycle impacts and potential trade-offs of these emerging practices are still limited by the paucity of systematic evaluations of different water reuse implementations. In this study, a host of environmental and human health impacts at three implementation levels of allowing water reclamation for crop irrigation was comparatively evaluated across the operational landscape via a combination of scenario modelling, life-cycle impact analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. Net harvesting of reclaimed water for irrigation was found to be dependent upon the sophistication of the treatment processes, since multistage and complex configurations can cause greater direct water consumption during processing. Further, the direct benefits of water resource recovery can be essentially offset by indirect adverse impacts, such as mineral depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, ecotoxicity, and human health risks, which are associated with increased usage of energy and chemicals for rigorous removal of contaminants, such as heavy metals and contaminants of emerging concern. Nonetheless, expanded simulations suggest the significance of concurrently implementing energy recovery, nutrient recycling, and/or nature-based, chemical-free water technologies to reduce the magnitude of negative impacts from engineered water reclamation processes.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipRoyal Society (Charity)en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipBeijing Talents Foundationen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipBeijing Nova Program, Chinaen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinaen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipYouth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesen_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 133, Part B, 105266en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envint.2019.105266
dc.identifier.grantnumberEP/P009441/1en_GB
dc.identifier.grantnumber2017000021223ZK07en_GB
dc.identifier.grantnumberZ171100001117078en_GB
dc.identifier.grantnumber51922013en_GB
dc.identifier.grantnumberNF160404en_GB
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/39440
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.rights© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).en_GB
dc.subjectResource recoveryen_GB
dc.subjectWastewater reclamationen_GB
dc.subjectAgricultural irrigationen_GB
dc.subjectLife cycle impact analysisen_GB
dc.subjectOptimization strategyen_GB
dc.subjectEnvironmental sustainabilityen_GB
dc.titleCharacterization of implementation limits and identification of optimization strategies for sustainable water resource recovery through life cycle impact analysisen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2019-10-31T14:51:37Z
dc.identifier.issn0160-4120
dc.descriptionThis is the final version. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalEnvironment Internationalen_GB
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-10-13
exeter.funder::Royal Society (Charity)en_GB
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-10-13
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2019-10-31T14:46:54Z
refterms.versionFCDVoR
refterms.dateFOA2019-10-31T14:51:40Z
refterms.panelBen_GB


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© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).