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dc.contributor.authorCiani, O
dc.contributor.authorPiepoli, M
dc.contributor.authorSmart, N
dc.contributor.authorUddin, J
dc.contributor.authorWalker, S
dc.contributor.authorWarren, FC
dc.contributor.authorZwisler, AD
dc.contributor.authorDavos, CH
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, RS
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-06T12:35:21Z
dc.date.issued2018-06-25
dc.description.abstractObjectives: This study sought to validate exercise capacity (EC) as a surrogate for mortality, hospitalization, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Background: EC is often used as a primary outcome in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) trials of heart failure (HF) via direct cardiorespiratory assessment of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak) or through submaximal tests, such as the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Methods: After a systematic review, 31 randomized trials of exercise-based CR compared with no exercise control (4,784 HF patients) were included. Outcomes were pooled using random effects meta-analyses, and inverse variance weighted linear regression equations were fitted to estimate the relationship between the CR on EC and all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and HRQOL. Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ), R2 at trial level, and surrogate threshold effect (STE) were calculated. STE represents the intercept of the prediction band of the regression line with null effect on the final outcome. Results: Exercise-based CR is associated with positive effects on EC measured through VO2peak (+3.10 ml/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01 to 4.20) or 6MWT (+41.15 m; 95% CI: 16.68 to 65.63) compared to control. The analyses showed a low level of association between improvements in EC (VO2peak or 6MWT) and mortality and hospitalization. Moderate levels of correlation between EC with HRQOL were seen (e.g., R2 <52%; |ρ| < 0.72). Estimated STE was an increase of 5 ml/kg/min for VO2peak and 80 m for 6MWT to predict a significant improvement in HRQOL. Conclusions: The study results indicate that EC is a poor surrogate endpoint for mortality and hospitalization but has moderate validity as a surrogate for HRQOL. Further research is needed to confirm these findings across other HF interventions.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Exeteren_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 6 (7), pp. 596 - 604en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jchf.2018.03.017
dc.identifier.grantnumber16-17/12en_GB
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/39998
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherElsevieren_GB
dc.rights© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).en_GB
dc.subject6-min walk testen_GB
dc.subjectexercise capacityen_GB
dc.subjectheart failureen_GB
dc.subjectmaximum oxygen uptakeen_GB
dc.subjectsurrogate outcomesen_GB
dc.titleValidation of Exercise Capacity as a Surrogate Endpoint in Exercise-Based Rehabilitation for Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trialsen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2019-12-06T12:35:21Z
dc.identifier.issn2213-1779
dc.descriptionThis is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recorden_GB
dc.identifier.journalJACC: Heart Failureen_GB
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-03-27
exeter.funder::National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)en_GB
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2018-06-25
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2019-12-06T12:33:11Z
refterms.versionFCDVoR
refterms.dateFOA2019-12-06T12:35:27Z
refterms.panelAen_GB
refterms.depositExceptionpublishedGoldOA


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© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of
the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).