dc.contributor.author | Cai, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Lewis, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Yan, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Liu, H | |
dc.contributor.author | Clarke, CR | |
dc.contributor.author | Campanile, F | |
dc.contributor.author | Almeida, Nalvo F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Studholme, David J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Lindeberg, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Schneider, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Zaccardelli, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Setubal, JC | |
dc.contributor.author | Morales-Lizcano, NP | |
dc.contributor.author | Bernal, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Coaker, G | |
dc.contributor.author | Baker, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Bender, CL | |
dc.contributor.author | Leman, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Vinatzer, BA | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-06-03T09:40:44Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2011-08 | |
dc.description.abstract | Recently, genome sequencing of many isolates of genetically monomorphic bacterial human pathogens has given new insights into pathogen microevolution and phylogeography. Here, we report a genome-based micro-evolutionary study of a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only 267 mutations were identified between five sequenced isolates in 3,543,009 nt of analyzed genome sequence, which suggests a recent evolutionary origin of this pathogen. Further analysis with genome-derived markers of 89 world-wide isolates showed that several genotypes exist in North America and in Europe indicating frequent pathogen movement between these world regions. Genome-derived markers and molecular analyses of key pathogen loci important for virulence and motility both suggest ongoing adaptation to the tomato host. A mutational hotspot was found in the type III-secreted effector gene hopM1. These mutations abolish the cell death triggering activity of the full-length protein indicating strong selection for loss of function of this effector, which was previously considered a virulence factor. Two non-synonymous mutations in the flagellin-encoding gene fliC allowed identifying a new microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in a region distinct from the known MAMP flg22. Interestingly, the ancestral allele of this MAMP induces a stronger tomato immune response than the derived alleles. The ancestral allele has largely disappeared from today's Pto populations suggesting that flagellin-triggered immunity limits pathogen fitness even in highly virulent pathogens. An additional non-synonymous mutation was identified in flg22 in South American isolates. Therefore, MAMPs are more variable than expected differing even between otherwise almost identical isolates of the same pathogen strain. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | PLoS Pathogens, 2011, Vol. 7, Issue 8, pp. e1002130 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002130 | |
dc.identifier.other | PPATHOGENS-D-10-00357 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9784 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21901088 | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1002130 | en_GB |
dc.subject | Alleles | en_GB |
dc.subject | DNA Primers | en_GB |
dc.subject | Europe | en_GB |
dc.subject | Flagellin | en_GB |
dc.subject | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | en_GB |
dc.subject | Genetic Loci | en_GB |
dc.subject | Genetic Markers | en_GB |
dc.subject | Host-Pathogen Interactions | en_GB |
dc.subject | Lycopersicon esculentum | en_GB |
dc.subject | Mutation | en_GB |
dc.subject | North America | en_GB |
dc.subject | Phylogeography | en_GB |
dc.subject | Plant Diseases | en_GB |
dc.subject | Plant Immunity | en_GB |
dc.subject | Plant Leaves | en_GB |
dc.subject | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | en_GB |
dc.subject | Pseudomonas syringae | en_GB |
dc.subject | Sequence Analysis, DNA | en_GB |
dc.subject | Virulence Factors | en_GB |
dc.title | The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is genetically monomorphic and under strong selection to evade tomato immunity | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2013-06-03T09:40:44Z | |
exeter.place-of-publication | United States | |
dc.description | addresses: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America. | en_GB |
dc.description | notes: PMCID: PMC3161960 | en_GB |
dc.description | types: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | en_GB |
dc.description | This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | PLoS Pathogens | en_GB |