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dc.contributor.authorZhang, J
dc.contributor.authorCordshagen, A
dc.contributor.authorMedina, I
dc.contributor.authorNothwang, HG
dc.contributor.authorWisniewski, JR
dc.contributor.authorWinklhofer, M
dc.contributor.authorHartmann, A-M
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-18T08:20:07Z
dc.date.issued2020-05-15
dc.description.abstractThe pivotal role of KCC2 and NKCC1 in development and maintenance of fast inhibitory neurotransmission and their implication in severe human diseases arouse interest in posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms such as (de)phosphorylation. Staurosporine (broad kinase inhibitor) and N-ethylmalemide (NEM) that modulate kinase and phosphatase activities enhance KCC2 and decrease NKCC1 activity. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism for this reciprocal regulation by mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses using phospho-specific antibodies. Our analyses revealed that application of staurosporine or NEM dephosphorylates Thr1007 of KCC2, and Thr203, Thr207 and Thr212 of NKCC1. Dephosphorylation of Thr1007 of KCC2, and Thr207 and Thr212 of NKCC1 were previously demonstrated to activate KCC2 and to inactivate NKCC1. In addition, application of the two agents resulted in dephosphorylation of the T-loop and S-loop phosphorylation sites Thr233 and Ser373 of SPAK, a critical kinase in the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling module mediating phosphorylation of KCC2 and NKCC1. Taken together, these results suggest that reciprocal regulation of KCC2 and NKCC1 via staurosporine and NEM is based on WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling. The key regulatory phospho-site Ser940 of KCC2 is not critically involved in the enhanced activation of KCC2 upon staurosporine and NEM treatment, as both agents have opposite effects on its phosphorylation status. Finally, NEM acts in a tissue-specific manner on Ser940, as shown by comparative analysis in HEK293 cells and immature cultured hippocampal neurons. In summary, our analyses identified phospho-sites that are responsive to staurosporine or NEM application. This provides important information towards a better understanding of the cooperative interactions of different phospho-sitesen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinaen_GB
dc.identifier.citationVol. 15, e0232967en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0232967
dc.identifier.grantnumber81970238en_GB
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/121068
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)en_GB
dc.rights: © 2020 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_GB
dc.titleStaurosporine and NEM mainly impair WNK-SPAK/OSR1 mediated phosphorylation of KCC2 and NKCC1en_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2020-05-18T08:20:07Z
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.descriptionThis is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalPLOS ONEen_GB
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-04-24
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2020-05-15
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2020-05-18T08:16:44Z
refterms.versionFCDVoR
refterms.dateFOA2020-05-18T08:20:14Z
refterms.panelAen_GB
refterms.dateFirstOnline2020-05-15


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: © 2020 Zhang et al. This is an open
access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original
author and source are credited.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as : © 2020 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.