Analysing nystagmus waveforms: a computational framework
dc.contributor.author | Abadi, RV | |
dc.contributor.author | Akman, OE | |
dc.contributor.author | Arblaster, GE | |
dc.contributor.author | Clement, RA | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-11T07:56:10Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-05-07 | |
dc.description.abstract | We present a new computational approach to analyse nystagmus waveforms. Our framework is designed to fully characterise the state of the nystagmus, aid clinical diagnosis and to quantify the dynamical changes in the oscillations over time. Both linear and nonlinear analyses of time series were used to determine the regularity and complexity of a specific homogenous phenotype of nystagmus. Two-dimensional binocular eye movement recordings were carried out on 5 adult subjects who exhibited a unilateral, uniplanar, vertical nystagmus secondary to a monocular late-onset severe visual loss in the oscillating eye (the Heimann-Bielschowsky Phenomenon). The non-affected eye held a central gaze in both horizontal and vertical planes (± 10 min. of arc). All affected eyes exhibited vertical oscillations, with mean amplitudes and frequencies ranging from 2.0°–4.0° to 0.25–1.5 Hz, respectively. Unstable periodic orbit analysis revealed only 1 subject exhibited a periodic oscillation. The remaining subjects were found to display quasiperiodic (n = 1) and nonperiodic (n = 3) oscillations. Phase space reconstruction allowed attractor identification and the computation of a time series complexity measure—the permutation entropy. The entropy measure was found to be able to distinguish between a periodic oscillation associated with a limit cycle attractor, a quasiperiodic oscillation associated with a torus attractor and nonperiodic oscillations associated with higher-dimensional attractors. Importantly, the permutation entropy was able to rank the oscillations, thereby providing an objective index of nystagmus complexity (range 0.15–0.21) that could not be obtained via unstable periodic orbit analysis or attractor identification alone. These results suggest that our framework provides a comprehensive methodology for characterising nystagmus, aiding differential diagnosis and also permitting investigation of the waveforms over time, thereby facilitating the quantification of future therapeutic managements. In addition, permutation entropy could provide an additional tool for future oculomotor modelling. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Science Foundation Ireland | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 11, article 9761 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1038/s41598-021-89094-7 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | EP/N017846/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/125628 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Nature Research | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | en_GB |
dc.title | Analysing nystagmus waveforms: a computational framework | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-11T07:56:10Z | |
exeter.article-number | 9761 | en_GB |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2045-2322 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Scientific Reports | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-04-21 | |
exeter.funder | ::Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) | en_GB |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-05-07 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2021-05-11T07:45:16Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2021-05-11T07:56:41Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
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material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not
permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.