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dc.contributor.authorBoussalis, C
dc.contributor.authorCoan, TG
dc.contributor.authorHolman, MR
dc.contributor.authorMuller, S
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-29T12:58:12Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-19
dc.description.abstractVoters evaluate politicians not just by what they say, but also how they say it, via facial displays of emotions and vocal pitch. Candidate characteristics can shape how leaders use—and how voters react to—nonverbal cues. Drawing on role congruity expectations, we study how the use of and reactions to facial, vocal, and textual communication in political debates varies by candidate gender. Relying on full-length videos of four German federal election debates (2005–2017) and a minor party debate, we use video, audio, and text data to measure candidate facial displays of emotion, vocal pitch, and speech sentiment. Consistent with our expectations, Angela Merkel expresses less anger than her male opponents, but is just as emotive in other respects. Combining these measures of emotional expression with continuous responses recorded by live audiences, we find that voters punish Merkel for anger displays and reward her happiness and general emotional displays.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipTrinity College Dublinen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity College Dublinen_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipTulane Universityen_GB
dc.identifier.citationPublished online 19 July 2021en_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S0003055421000666
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10871/126236
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherCambridge University Press / American Political Science Associationen_GB
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NVVVUVen_GB
dc.rights© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association.  This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.en_GB
dc.titleGender, Candidate Emotional Expression, and Voter Reactions During Televised Debatesen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.date.available2021-06-29T12:58:12Z
dc.identifier.issn0003-0554
dc.descriptionThis is the final version. Available on open access from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this recorden_GB
dc.descriptionData Availability Statement: Data and code to replicate the results in this paper are posted at the American Political Science Review Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NVVVUV.en_GB
dc.identifier.journalAmerican Political Science Reviewen_GB
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/  en_GB
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-06-14
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_GB
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2021-06-14
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_GB
refterms.dateFCD2021-06-29T12:55:26Z
refterms.versionFCDAM
refterms.dateFOA2021-08-05T12:25:09Z
refterms.panelCen_GB


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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association.  This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association.  This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.