The effectiveness of digital interventions for increasing physical activity in individuals of low socioeconomic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
dc.contributor.author | Western, MJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Armstrong, MEG | |
dc.contributor.author | Islam, I | |
dc.contributor.author | Morgan, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Jones, UF | |
dc.contributor.author | Kelson, MJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-01T12:03:05Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-11-09 | |
dc.date.updated | 2021-12-01T11:48:22Z | |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: Digital technologies such as wearables, websites and mobile applications are increasingly used in interventions targeting physical activity (PA). Increasing access to such technologies makes an attractive prospect for helping individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) in becoming more active and healthier. However, little is known about their effectiveness in such populations. The aim of this systematic review was to explore whether digital interventions were effective in promoting PA in low SES populations, whether interventions are of equal benefit to higher SES individuals and whether the number or type of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in digital PA interventions was associated with intervention effects. METHODS: A systematic search strategy was used to identify eligible studies from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and The Cochrane Library, published between January 1990 and March 2020. Randomised controlled trials, using digital technology as the primary intervention tool, and a control group that did not receive any digital technology-based intervention were included, provided they had a measure of PA as an outcome. Lastly, studies that did not have any measure of SES were excluded from the review. Risk of Bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2. RESULTS: Of the 14,589 records initially identified, 19 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Using random-effects models, in low SES there was a standardised mean difference (SMD (95%CI)) in PA between intervention and control groups of 0.06 (- 0.08,0.20). In high SES the SMD was 0.34 (0.22,0.45). Heterogeneity was modest in both low (I2 = 0.18) and high (I2 = 0) SES groups. The studies used a range of digital technologies and BCTs in their interventions, but the main findings were consistent across all of the sub-group analyses (digital interventions with a PA only focus, country, chronic disease, and duration of intervention) and there was no association with the number or type of BCTs. DISCUSSION: Digital interventions targeting PA do not show equivalent efficacy for people of low and high SES. For people of low SES, there is no evidence that digital PA interventions are effective, irrespective of the behaviour change techniques used. In contrast, the same interventions in high SES participants do indicate effectiveness. To reduce inequalities and improve effectiveness, future development of digital interventions aimed at improving PA must make more effort to meet the needs of low SES people within the target population. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Health and Care Research Wales Health Fellowship Award | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | GW4 Alliance | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | UK Centre for Ageing Better | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Elizabeth Blackwell Institute | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Medical Research Council | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Bristol | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Alan Turing Institute | en_GB |
dc.format.extent | 148- | |
dc.format.medium | Electronic | |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 18, No. 1, article 148 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01218-4 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | EP/N027299/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | HF-16-1164 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/127991 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0001-7744-3780 (Kelson, Mark J) | |
dc.identifier | ScopusID: 56400789400 | 57194478621 (Kelson, Mark J) | |
dc.identifier | ResearcherID: E-6753-2016 (Kelson, Mark J) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer/International Society for Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34753490 | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://github.com/MarkKelson/REPAID | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data | en_GB |
dc.subject | Physical activity | en_GB |
dc.subject | Health inequalities | en_GB |
dc.subject | Behaviour change | en_GB |
dc.subject | RCT | en_GB |
dc.subject | Digital health | en_GB |
dc.subject | eHealth | en_GB |
dc.subject | Digital intervention | en_GB |
dc.subject | Socioeconomic status | en_GB |
dc.title | The effectiveness of digital interventions for increasing physical activity in individuals of low socioeconomic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2021-12-01T12:03:05Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1479-5868 | |
exeter.article-number | 148 | |
exeter.place-of-publication | England | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available from Springer via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.description | All data and code to replicate our analysis are freely available at https://github.com/MarkKelson/REPAID | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1479-5868 | |
dc.identifier.journal | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 18(1) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-10-20 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-11-09 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2021-12-01T11:57:23Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2021-12-01T12:03:13Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2021-11-09 |
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regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this
licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco
mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data