dc.contributor.author | Yu, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Humar, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Meserve, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Bailey, RC | |
dc.contributor.author | Chormaic, SN | |
dc.contributor.author | Vollmer, F | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-14T09:16:08Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-09 | |
dc.date.updated | 2021-12-12T16:27:18Z | |
dc.description.abstract | The term whispering gallery mode (WGM) was first introduced to describe the curvilinear propagation of sound waves under a cathedral dome. The physical concept has now been generalized to include light waves that are continuously reflected along the closed concave surface of an optical cavity such as a glass microsphere. The circular path of the internally reflected light results in constructive interference and optical resonance, a morphology-dependent resonance that is suitable for interferometric sensing. WGM resonators are miniature micro-interferometers that use the multiple-cavity passes of light for very sensitive measurements at the microscale and nanoscale, including single-molecule and ion measurements. This Primer introduces various WGM sensors based on glass microspheres, microtoroids, microcapillaries and silicon microrings. We describe the sensing mechanisms, including mode splitting and resonance shift, exceptional-point-enhanced sensing and optomechanical and optoplasmonic signal transductions. Applications and experimental results cover in vivo and single-molecule sensing, gyroscopes and microcavity quantum electrodynamics. We also discuss data analysis methods and the limitations of WGM techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook for molecule, in vivo and quantum sensing. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Royal Society | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Union Horizon 2020 | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | US National Institutes of Health | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 1(1), article 83 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-021-00079-2 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | EP/R031428/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | 851143 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | N1-0104 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | J1-1697 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | P1-0099 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | AI141591 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/128120 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0003-0565-4671 (Vollmer, Frank) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer Nature | en_GB |
dc.rights.embargoreason | Under embargo until 9 June 2022 in compliance with publisher policy | en_GB |
dc.rights | © Springer Nature Limited 2021 | en_GB |
dc.title | Whispering-gallery-mode sensors for biological and physical sensing | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2021-12-14T09:16:08Z | |
exeter.article-number | 83 | |
dc.description | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2662-8449 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Nature Reviews Methods Primers | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 1(1) | |
dc.rights.uri | http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2021-10-27 | |
rioxxterms.version | AM | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2021-12-09 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2021-12-14T09:11:49Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2021-12-09 | |