dc.contributor.author | Nikolov, NK | |
dc.contributor.author | Sing, DK | |
dc.contributor.author | Spake, JJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Smalley, B | |
dc.contributor.author | Goyal, JM | |
dc.contributor.author | Mikal-Evans, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Wakeford, HR | |
dc.contributor.author | Rustamkulov, Z | |
dc.contributor.author | Deming, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Fortney, JJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Carter, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Gibson, NP | |
dc.contributor.author | Mayne, NJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-06-08T10:41:20Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-06-07 | |
dc.date.updated | 2022-06-07T19:18:42Z | |
dc.description.abstract | We present new analysis of infrared transmission spectroscopy of the cloud-free hot-Saturn WASP-96b performed with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes (HST and Spitzer). The WASP-96b spectrum exhibits the absorption feature from water in excellent agreement with synthetic spectra computed assuming a cloud-free atmosphere. The HST-Spitzer spectrum is coupled with Very Large Telescope (VLT) optical transmission spectroscopy which reveals the full pressure-broadened profile of the sodium absorption feature and enables the derivation of absolute abundances. We confirm and correct for a spectral offset of $\Delta R_{{\rm p}}/R_{\ast }=(-4.29^{+0.31}_{-0.37})\, \times 10^{-3}$ of the VLT data relative to the HST-Spitzer spectrum. This offset can be explained by the assumed radius for the common-mode correction of the VLT spectra, which is a well-known feature of ground-based transmission spectroscopy. We find evidence for a lack of chromospheric and photometric activity of the host star which, therefore, make a negligible contribution to the offset. We measure abundances for Na and O that are consistent with solar to supersolar, with abundances relative to solar values of $21^{+27}_{-14}$ and $7^{+11}_{-4}$, respectively. We complement the transmission spectrum with new thermal emission constraints from Spitzer observations at 3.6 and 4.5μm, which are best explained by the spectrum of an atmosphere with a temperature decreasing with altitude. A fit to the spectrum assuming an isothermal blackbody atmosphere constrains the dayside temperature to be Tp = 1545 ± 90K. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Science and Technology Facilities Council | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | UK Research and Innovation | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | NASA | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Research Council | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Leverhulme Trust | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | STScI | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Published online 7 June 2022 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1530 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | ST/R000395/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | MR/T040866/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | HST-GO-15469 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | 336792 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | RPG-2020-82 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | JWST-ERS-01386 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/129878 | |
dc.identifier | ORCID: 0000-0001-6707-4563 (Mayne, Nathan J) | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Oxford University Press / Royal Astronomical Society | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://archive.stsci.edu | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/ | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/adp/phase3_spectral/form | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | https://asas-sn.osu.edu | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) | en_GB |
dc.subject | planets and satellites: atmospheres | en_GB |
dc.subject | stars: abundances | en_GB |
dc.subject | techniques: spectroscopic | en_GB |
dc.subject | methods: observational | en_GB |
dc.subject | methods: data analysis | en_GB |
dc.title | Solar-to-supersolar sodium and oxygen absolute abundances for a ‘hot Saturn’ orbiting a metal-rich star | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2022-06-08T10:41:20Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0035-8711 | |
dc.description | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.description | DATA AVAILABILITY:
Raw and calibrated Hubble Space Telescope spectral transit time
series and Spitzer Space Telescope transit and eclipse time series photometry are publicly available at the Mikulski Archive
for Space Telescopes (MAST; https://archive.stsci.edu)
and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA; https:
//sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/), respectively. TESS light curves are publicly available at the MAST
archive. Calibrated and extracted high-resolution FEROS spectra are
publicly available via the European Southern Observatory’s Spectral Data Products Query Form (http://archive.eso.org/wdb/
wdb/adp/phase3_spectral/form). Broad-band light curves are
publicly available at the webpage of the All-Sky Automated Survey
for Supernovae (ASAS-SN; https://asas-sn.osu.edu). | en_GB |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1365-2966 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | en_GB |
dc.relation.ispartof | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | |
dc.rights.uri | http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2022-05-30 | |
rioxxterms.version | AM | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2022-06-07 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2022-06-08T10:30:10Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2022-06-08T10:42:15Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
refterms.dateFirstOnline | 2022-06-07 | |