dc.contributor.author | Hardiman, SC | |
dc.contributor.author | Boutle, IA | |
dc.contributor.author | Bushell, AC | |
dc.contributor.author | Butchart, N | |
dc.contributor.author | Cullen, MJP | |
dc.contributor.author | Field, Paul R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Furtado, K | |
dc.contributor.author | Manners, James | |
dc.contributor.author | Milton, Sean | |
dc.contributor.author | Morcrette, C | |
dc.contributor.author | O'Connor, FM | |
dc.contributor.author | Shipway, BJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Smith, Chris | |
dc.contributor.author | Walters, DN | |
dc.contributor.author | Willett, MR | |
dc.contributor.author | Williams, Keith D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Wood, Nigel | |
dc.contributor.author | Lukeabraham, N | |
dc.contributor.author | Keeble, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Maycock, AC | |
dc.contributor.author | Thuburn, John | |
dc.contributor.author | Woodhouse, MT | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-02-02T14:58:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2015-05-19 | |
dc.description.abstract | A warm bias in tropical tropopause temperature is found in the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), in common with most models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). Key dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes influencing the tropical tropopause temperature and lower-stratospheric water vapor concentrations in climate models are investigated using the MetUM. A series of sensitivity experiments are run to separate the effects of vertical advection, ice optical and microphysical properties, convection, cirrus clouds, and atmospheric composition on simulated tropopause temperature and lower-stratospheric water vapor concentrations in the tropics. The numerical accuracy of the vertical advection, determined in the MetUM by the choice of interpolation and conservation schemes used, is found to be particularly important. Microphysical and radiative processes are found to influence stratospheric water vapor both through modifying the tropical tropopause temperature and through modifying upper-tropospheric water vapor concentrations, allowing more water vapor to be advected into the stratosphere. The representation of any of the processes discussed can act to significantly reduce biases in tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in a physical way, thereby improving climate simulations. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Community within the StratoClim project | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Australian Government through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 28, pp. 6516 - 6535 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0075.1 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | GA01101 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | 603557 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19543 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | American Meteorological Society | en_GB |
dc.relation.url | http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0075.1 | en_GB |
dc.rights | © Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyrights@ametsoc.org. | en_GB |
dc.title | Processes controlling tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in climate models | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2016-02-02T14:58:33Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0894-8755 | |
dc.identifier.journal | Journal of Climate | en_GB |