Recursions associated to trapezoid, symmetric and rotation symmetric functions over Galois fields

Abstract

Rotation symmetric Boolean functions are invariant under circular translation of indices. These functions have very rich cryptographic properties and have been used in different cryptosystems. Recently, Thomas Cusick proved that exponential sums of rotation symmetric Boolean functions satisfy homogeneous linear recurrences with integer coefficients. In this work, a generalization of this result is proved over any Galois field. That is, exponential sums over Galois fields of some rotation symmetric polynomials satisfy linear recurrences with integer coefficients. In the particular case of F2, an elementary method is used to obtain explicit recurrences for exponential sums of some of these functions. The concept of trapezoid Boolean function is also introduced and it is showed that the linear recurrences that exponential sums of trapezoid Boolean functions satisfy are the same as the ones satisfied by exponential sums of the corresponding rotations symmetric Boolean functions. Finally, it is proved that exponential sums of trapezoid and symmetric polynomials also satisfy linear recurrences with integer coefficients over any Galois field F2. Moreover, the Discrete Fourier Transform matrix and some Complex Hadamard matrices appear as examples in some of our explicit formulas of these recurrences.