Purpose vs Performance: What does marine protected area success look like?
Yates, K; Clarke, B; Thurstan, RH
Date: 26 November 2018
Article
Journal
Environmental Science and Policy
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher DOI
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an increasingly deployed spatial management tool. MPAs
are primarily designed for biodiversity conservation, with their success commonly measured
using a narrow suite of ecological indicators. However, for MPAs to achieve their biodiversity
conservation goals they require community support, which ...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an increasingly deployed spatial management tool. MPAs
are primarily designed for biodiversity conservation, with their success commonly measured
using a narrow suite of ecological indicators. However, for MPAs to achieve their biodiversity
conservation goals they require community support, which is dependent on wider social, economic and political factors. Despite this, research into the human dimensions of MPAs
continues to lag behind our understanding of ecological responses to MPA protection. Here,
we explore stakeholders’ perceptions of what MPA success is. We conducted a series of
semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a diverse group of stakeholders local to a
South Australian MPA. What constitutes success varied by stakeholder group, and
stakeholders’ stated understanding of the purpose of the MPA differed from how they would
choose to measure the MPA’s success. Indeed, all interviewees stated that the primary
purpose of the MPA was ecological, yet almost all (>90%) would measure the success of the
MPA using social and economic measures, either exclusively or in conjunction with ecological
ones. Many respondents also stated that social and economic factors were key to the MPA
achieving ongoing/future success. Respondents generated a large range of novel socio32
economic measures of MPA success, many of which could be incorporated into monitoring
programs for relatively little additional cost. These findings also show that success is not
straightforward and what constitutes success depends on who you ask. Even where an MPA’s
primary ecological purpose is acknowledged by stakeholders, stakeholders are likely to only
consider the MPA a success if its designation also demonstrates social and economic benefits
to their communities. To achieve local stakeholder support MPAs and associated monitoring programs need to be designed for a variety of success criteria in mind, criteria which reflect the priorities and needs of the adjacent communities as well as national and international
conservation objectives.
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