Is the subtropical jet shifting poleward?
dc.contributor.author | Maher, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Kelleher, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Sansom, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Methven, J | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-12T12:18:45Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12-31 | |
dc.description.abstract | The tropics are expanding poleward at about 0.5 ◦ per decade in observations. This poleward expansion of the circulation is consistently reported using Hadley cell edge metrics and lower-atmospheric tropical edge metrics. However, some upper-atmospheric tropical metrics report smaller trends that are often not significant. One such upper-atmospheric metric is the subtropi10 cal jet latitude, which has smaller trends compared to the Hadley cell edge. In this study we investigate the robustness of the weak trends in the subtropical jet position by introducing a new method for locating the subtropical jet, and examining the trends and variability of the subtropical jet latitude. We intro14 duce the tropopause gradient method based on the peak gradient in potential temperature along the dynamic tropopause. Using this method we find the trends in the subtropical jet latitude are indeed much smaller than 0.5 ◦ per decade, consistent with previous studies. We also find that natural variability within the subtropical jet latitude would not prevent trends from being detected if they were similar to the Hadley cell edge, as trends greater than 0.24◦ per decade could reliably be detected using monthly data or 0.09◦ per decade using daily data. Despite the poleward expansion of the tropics, there is no robust evidence to suggest the subtropical jet is shifting poleward in either hemisphere. Neither the current diagnostic methods nor natural variability can account for the small subtropical jet trends. The most likely explanation, which requires further investigation, is that the subtropical jet position is not tied dynamically to the Hadley cell edge. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Published online 31 December 2019 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1007/s00382-019-05084-6 | |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/N013123/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | NE/M006123/1 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/40086 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Springer | en_GB |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.subject | Subtropical jet stream | en_GB |
dc.subject | tropical expansion | en_GB |
dc.subject | tropopause gradient method | en_GB |
dc.title | Is the subtropical jet shifting poleward? | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2019-12-12T12:18:45Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0930-7575 | |
dc.description | This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this record | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Climate Dynamics | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_GB |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2019-12-07 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2019-12-06 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2019-12-12T09:18:17Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | AM | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2020-01-17T11:47:38Z | |
refterms.panel | B | en_GB |
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Open Access.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/